--- title: Hosea 11:8 — How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? How shall I surrender thee, Israe… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: How shall I give thee up, Ephraim? How shall I surrender thee, Israel? How shall I make thee as Admah? How shall I set thee as Zeboim? My heart is turned within Me, My compassions are kindled together. Who acts: I. Hosea 11:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.11.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/11/) / 11:8 # Hosea 11:8 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** give up, surrender, make, set, turn, kindle · **To what, where:** thee, heart, compassions This is Hosea 11:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to thee, heart, compassions, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אֵ֞יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֲמַגֶּנְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ כְאַדְמָ֔ה אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כִּצְבֹאיִ֑ם נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לִבִּ֔י יַ֖חַד נִכְמְר֥וּ נִחוּמָֽי׃ [How shall I give thee up, Ephraim?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.161/) [How shall I surrender thee, Israel?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.162/) [How shall I make thee as Admah?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.163/) [How shall I set thee as Zeboim?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.164/) [My heart is turned within Me, My compassions are kindled together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.165/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:153 # text = אֵ֞יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֲמַגֶּנְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֚יךְ אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ כְאַדְמָ֔ה אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ כִּצְבֹאיִ֑ם נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ עָלַי֙ לִבִּ֔י יַ֖חַד נִכְמְר֥וּ נִחוּמָֽי׃ # verse = HOS.11.8 1 אֵ֞יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 2 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=HOS_11:8!1|MId=o280110080011|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 2-3 אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 אֶתֶּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=will|Ref=HOS_11:8!2|MId=o280110080021|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:280100120131;A1:280110080022;|Type=yiqtol 3 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=I.give.you.up|Ref=HOS_11:8!2|MId=o280110080022|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 4 אֶפְרַ֗יִם אֶפְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Ephraim|Ref=HOS_11:8!3|MId=o280110080031|Strong=0669 5-6 אֲמַגֶּנְךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲמַגֶּנ מָגַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=HOS_11:8!4|MId=o280110080041|Strong=4042|Frame=A0:280100120131;A1:280110080042;|Type=yiqtol 6 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ Gloss=I.deliver.you.up?|Ref=HOS_11:8!4|MId=o280110080042|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 7 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=O.Israel|Ref=HOS_11:8!5|MId=o280110080051|Strong=3478 8 אֵ֚יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 9 discourse _ Gloss=how?|Ref=HOS_11:8!6|MId=o280110080061|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 9-10 אֶתֶּנְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 אֶתֶּנ נָתַן VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=HOS_11:8!7|MId=o280110080071|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:280100120131;A1:280110080072;|Type=yiqtol 10 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=I.make.you|Ref=HOS_11:8!7|MId=o280110080072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-12 כְאַדְמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_11:8!8|MId=o280110080081|Strong=3509a 12 אַדְמָ֔ה אַדְמָה PROPN _ _ 9 obl _ Gloss=Admah|Ref=HOS_11:8!8|MId=o280110080082|Strong=0126 13-14 אֲשִֽׂימְךָ֖ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 אֲשִֽׂימ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=will|Ref=HOS_11:8!9|MId=o280110080091|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:280100120131;A1:280110080092;|Type=yiqtol 14 ְךָ֖ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 obj _ Gloss=I.make.you?|Ref=HOS_11:8!9|MId=o280110080092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15-16 כִּצְבֹאיִ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_11:8!10|MId=o280110080101|Strong=3509a 16 צְבֹאיִ֑ם צְבֹאיִם PROPN _ _ 13 obl _ Gloss=Zeboiim|Ref=HOS_11:8!10|MId=o280110080102|Strong=6636 17 נֶהְפַּ֤ךְ הָפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.been.changed|Ref=HOS_11:8!11|MId=o280110080111|Strong=2015|Frame=A1:280110080131;|Type=qatal 18-19 עָלַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 עָל עַל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=HOS_11:8!12|MId=o280110080121|Strong=5921 19 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=HOS_11:8!12|MId=o280110080122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 20-21 לִבִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לִבּ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=HOS_11:8!13|MId=o280110080131|Strong=3820 21 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=HOS_11:8!13|MId=o280110080132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 יַ֖חַד יַחַד ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=HOS_11:8!14|MId=o280110080141|Strong=3162 23 נִכְמְר֥וּ כָּמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.grown.warm|Ref=HOS_11:8!15|MId=o280110080151|Strong=3648|Frame=A1:280110080161;|Type=qatal 24-25 נִחוּמָֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 נִחוּמ נִחֻמִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=compassions|Ref=HOS_11:8!16|MId=o280110080161|Strong=5150 25 ָֽי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=HOS_11:8!16|MId=o280110080162|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=HOS_11:8!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֶתֶּנ *will* | yiqtol · qal | | ְךָ *I give you up* | | | | אֲמַגֶּנ *will* | yiqtol · piel | | ְךָ *I deliver you up?* | | | | אֶתֶּנ *will* | yiqtol · qal | | ְךָ *I make you* | | | | אֲשִֽׂימ *will* | yiqtol · qal | | ְךָ *I make you?* | | | | נֶהְפַּךְ *it has been changed* | qatal · niphal | | לִבּ *heart* | | | | נִכְמְרוּ *they have grown warm* | qatal · niphal | | נִחוּמ *compassions* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֵיכְדֵין אֶמְסְרִינָךְ אֶפְרַיִם אֱשֵׁיצִינָךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵיכְדֵין אֱבַדְרִינָךְ בְּאַדְמָה אֲשַׁוִינָךְ כִּצְבוֹיִים מִתְעָרַע מֵימַר קְיָמִי לְקִבְלִי כַּחֲדָא אִתְגוֹלְלוּ רַחֲמָי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [How shall I give thee up, Ephraim?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.161/) 2. [How shall I surrender thee, Israel?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.162/) 3. [How shall I make thee as Admah?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.163/) 4. [How shall I set thee as Zeboim?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.164/) 5. [My heart is turned within Me, My compassions are kindled together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.165/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:153`. - ← previous: [Hosea 11:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.11.7/) - next →: [Hosea 11:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.11.9/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/11/)