--- title: Hosea 13:3 — Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that ea… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window. Who acts: images, dew. Hosea 13:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/13/) / 13:3 # Hosea 13:3 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** images, dew · **What happens:** be, pass away, drive · **To what, where:** chaff, threshing floor This is Hosea 13:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — images, dew — and what happens in the verse to chaff, threshing floor, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃ [Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.187/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:174 # text = לָכֵ֗ן יִֽהְיוּ֙ כַּעֲנַן־בֹּ֔קֶר וְכַטַּ֖ל מַשְׁכִּ֣ים הֹלֵ֑ךְ כְּמֹץ֙ יְסֹעֵ֣ר מִגֹּ֔רֶן וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה׃ # verse = HOS.13.3 1-2 לָכֵ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=HOS_13:3!1|MId=o280130030011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=HOS_13:3!1|MId=o280130030012|Strong=3651 3 יִֽהְיוּ֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=HOS_13:3!2|MId=o280130030021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:280130010021;|Type=yiqtol 4-5 כַּעֲנַן־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_13:3!3|MId=o280130030031|Strong=3509a 5 עֲנַן־ עָנָן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=a.cloud|Ref=HOS_13:3!3|MId=o280130030032|Strong=6051 6 בֹּ֔קֶר בֹּקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].morning|Ref=HOS_13:3!4|MId=o280130030041|Strong=1242 7-10 וְכַטַּ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_13:3!5|MId=o280130030051|Strong=2050b 8 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_13:3!5|MId=o280130030052|Strong=3509a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=HOS_13:3!5|MId=o280130030052ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 טַּ֖ל טַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=dew|Ref=HOS_13:3!5|MId=o280130030053|Strong=2919 11 מַשְׁכִּ֣ים שָׁכַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=[which].rises.early|Ref=HOS_13:3!6|MId=o280130030061|Strong=7925|Frame=A0:280130030054;|Type=participle_active 12 הֹלֵ֑ךְ הָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 nmod _ Gloss=[which].goes|Ref=HOS_13:3!7|MId=o280130030071|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:280130030054;|Type=participle_active 13-14 כְּמֹץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_13:3!8|MId=o280130030081|Strong=3509a 14 מֹץ֙ מֹץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=chaff|Ref=HOS_13:3!8|MId=o280130030082|Strong=4671 15 יְסֹעֵ֣ר סָעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 acl _ Gloss=[which].it.is.storm-driven|Ref=HOS_13:3!9|MId=o280130030091|Strong=5590|Frame=A0:280130030082;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 מִגֹּ֔רֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=HOS_13:3!10|MId=o280130030101|Strong=4480 17 גֹּ֔רֶן גֹּרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=a.threshing.floor|Ref=HOS_13:3!10|MId=o280130030102|Strong=1637 18-20 וּכְעָשָׁ֖ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_13:3!11|MId=o280130030111|Strong=2050b 19 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=HOS_13:3!11|MId=o280130030112|Strong=3509a 20 עָשָׁ֖ן עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=smoke|Ref=HOS_13:3!11|MId=o280130030113|Strong=6227 21-22 מֵאֲרֻבָּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=HOS_13:3!12|MId=o280130030121|Strong=4480 22 אֲרֻבָּֽה אֲרֻבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 nmod _ Gloss=a.window|Ref=HOS_13:3!12|MId=o280130030122|Strong=0699 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=HOS_13:3!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִֽהְיוּ *they will become* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | מַשְׁכִּים *\[which\] rises early* | participle active · hiphil | | | | | | הֹלֵךְ *\[which\] goes* | participle active · qal | | | | | | יְסֹעֵר *\[which\] it is storm-driven* | yiqtol · poel | מֹץ *chaff* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן יְהוֹן כַּעֲנַן צַפְרָא וּכְטַלָא דְמוֹהִי פְסִיק כְּמוֹצָא דְנָשְׁבָה רוּחַ מֵאִדְרָא וְכִתְנָנָא מִכֵּוַת נוּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud, and as the dew that early passeth away, as the chaff that is driven with the wind out of the threshing-floor, and as the smoke out of the window.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.187/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:174`. - ← previous: [Hosea 13:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.2/) - next →: [Hosea 13:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.13.4/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/13/)