--- title: Hosea 2:8 — Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and I will m… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and I will make a wall against her, that she shall not find her paths. Who acts: I, mother. Hosea 2:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.2.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/2/) / 2:8 # Hosea 2:8 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** I, mother · **What happens:** hedge up, make, not find · **To what, where:** way, wall, paths This is Hosea 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, mother — and what happens in the verse to way, wall, paths, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃ [Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and I will make a wall against her, that she shall not find her paths.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.17/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:16 # text = לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃ # verse = HOS.2.8 1-2 לָכֵ֛ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=HOS_2:8!1|MId=o280020080011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֛ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=HOS_2:8!1|MId=o280020080012|Strong=3651 3-4 הִנְנִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 5 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=HOS_2:8!2|MId=o280020080021|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 4 ְנִי־ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=HOS_2:8!2|MId=o280020080022|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 5 שָׂ֥ךְ שׂוּךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[am].about.to.fence.up|Ref=HOS_2:8!3|MId=o280020080031|Strong=7753|Frame=A0:280020080022;A1:280020080051;|Type=participle_active 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=HOS_2:8!4|MId=o280020080041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 דַּרְכּ דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Sing 5 obj _ Gloss=way|Ref=HOS_2:8!5|MId=o280020080051|Strong=1870 8 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=HOS_2:8!5|MId=o280020080052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 9-11 בַּסִּירִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=HOS_2:8!6|MId=o280020080061|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=HOS_2:8!6|MId=o280020080061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 סִּירִ֑ים סִירָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 obl _ Gloss=thorns|Ref=HOS_2:8!6|MId=o280020080062|Strong=5518a 12-13 וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_2:8!7|MId=o280020080071|Strong=2050b 13 גָֽדַרְתִּי֙ גָּדַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=I.will.wall.up|Ref=HOS_2:8!7|MId=o280020080072|Strong=1443|Frame=A0:280010040021;A1:280020080091;|Type=weqatal 14 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=HOS_2:8!8|MId=o280020080081|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 15-16 גְּדֵרָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 גְּדֵר גָּדֵר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 obj _ Gloss=wall|Ref=HOS_2:8!9|MId=o280020080091|Strong=1447 16 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=HOS_2:8!9|MId=o280020080092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-19 וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_2:8!10|MId=o280020080101|Strong=2050b 18 נְתִיבוֹתֶ֖י נְתִיבָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=paths|Ref=HOS_2:8!10|MId=o280020080102|Strong=5410 19 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=HOS_2:8!10|MId=o280020080103|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=HOS_2:8!11|MId=o280020080111|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 תִמְצָֽא מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=she.will.find|Ref=HOS_2:8!12|MId=o280020080121|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:280020070051;A1:280020080102;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=HOS_2:8!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׂךְ *\[am\] about to fence up* | participle active · qal | ְנִי־ *I* | דַּרְכּ *way* | | | | גָֽדַרְתִּי *I will wall up* | weqatal · qal | | גְּדֵר *wall* | | | | **not** תִמְצָֽא *she will find* | yiqtol · qal | | נְתִיבוֹתֶי *paths* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן הָא אֲנָא מְקַלְקֵל יַת אוֹרְחָתִיךְ כְּמָא דְסַיְגִין בְּכוּבַיָא וְאֶפְסוֹק כְּמָא דְמַפְסְקִין בְּכָתְלַיָא וּשְׁבִילָהָא לָא תִשְׁכָּח: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore, behold, I will hedge up thy way with thorns, and I will make a wall against her, that she shall not find her paths.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.17/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:16`. - ← previous: [Hosea 2:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.2.7/) - next →: [Hosea 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.2.9/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/2/)