--- title: Hosea 3:1 — And the LORD said unto me: 'Go yet, love a woman beloved of her frie… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD said unto me: 'Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend and an adulteress, even as the LORD loveth the children of Israel, though they turn unto other gods, and love cakes of raisins. Who acts: LORD, children. Hosea 3:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.3.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/3/) / 3:1 # Hosea 3:1 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** LORD, children · **What happens:** say, go, love, turn · **To what, where:** woman, children, cakes · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Hosea 3:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, children — and what happens in the verse to woman, children, cakes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ע֚וֹד לֵ֣ךְ אֱ‍ֽהַב־אִשָּׁ֔ה אֲהֻ֥בַת רֵ֖עַ וּמְנָאָ֑פֶת כְּאַהֲבַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהֵ֗ם פֹּנִים֙ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י אֲשִׁישֵׁ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃ [And the LORD said unto me: 'Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend and an adulteress, even as the LORD loveth the children of Israel, though they turn unto other gods, and love cakes of raisins.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.35/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:34 # text = וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י ע֚וֹד לֵ֣ךְ אֱ‍ֽהַב־אִשָּׁ֔ה אֲהֻ֥בַת רֵ֖עַ וּמְנָאָ֑פֶת כְּאַהֲבַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְהֵ֗ם פֹּנִים֙ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י אֲשִׁישֵׁ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃ # verse = HOS.3.1 1-2 וַיֹּ֨אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_3:1!1|MId=o280030010011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֨אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=HOS_3:1!1|MId=o280030010012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:280030010021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 יְהוָ֜ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_3:1!2|MId=o280030010021|Strong=3068 4-5 אֵלַ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_3:1!3|MId=o280030010031|Strong=0413 5 ַ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=HOS_3:1!3|MId=o280030010032|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 ע֚וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=HOS_3:1!4|MId=o280030010041|Strong=5750 7 לֵ֣ךְ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=go|Ref=HOS_3:1!5|MId=o280030010051|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:280010020091;|Type=imperative 8 אֱ‍ֽהַב־ אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=love|Ref=HOS_3:1!6|MId=o280030010061|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:280010020091;A1:280030010071;|Type=imperative|SpaceAfter=No 9 אִשָּׁ֔ה אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=a.woman|Ref=HOS_3:1!7|MId=o280030010071|Strong=0802 10 אֲהֻ֥בַת אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=[who.is].loved|Ref=HOS_3:1!8|MId=o280030010081|Strong=0157|Frame=A1:280030010071;|Type=participle_passive 11 רֵ֖עַ רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.companion|Ref=HOS_3:1!9|MId=o280030010091|Strong=7453 12-13 וּמְנָאָ֑פֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and.[who]|Ref=HOS_3:1!10|MId=o280030010101|Strong=2050b 13 מְנָאָ֑פֶת נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=commits.adultery|Ref=HOS_3:1!10|MId=o280030010102|Strong=5003|Frame=A0:280030010071;|Type=participle_active 14-15 כְּאַהֲבַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=HOS_3:1!11|MId=o280030010111|Strong=3509a 15 אַהֲבַ֤ת אהב VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 8 advcl _ Gloss=loves|Ref=HOS_3:1!11|MId=o280030010112|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:280030010121;A1:280030010141;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=HOS_3:1!12|MId=o280030010121|Strong=3068 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=HOS_3:1!13|MId=o280030010131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=HOS_3:1!14|MId=o280030010141|Strong=1121 19 יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=HOS_3:1!15|MId=o280030010151|Strong=3478 20-21 וְהֵ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_3:1!16|MId=o280030010161|Strong=2050b 21 הֵ֗ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=HOS_3:1!16|MId=o280030010162|Strong=1992|Type=personal 22 פֹּנִים֙ פָּנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=[are].turning|Ref=HOS_3:1!17|MId=o280030010171|Strong=6437|Frame=A0:280030010162;|Type=participle_active 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=HOS_3:1!18|MId=o280030010181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 obl _ Gloss=gods|Ref=HOS_3:1!19|MId=o280030010191|Strong=0430 25 אֲחֵרִ֔ים אַחֵר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 amod _ Gloss=other|Ref=HOS_3:1!20|MId=o280030010201|Strong=0312|Type=adjective 26-27 וְאֹהֲבֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_3:1!21|MId=o280030010211|Strong=2050b 27 אֹהֲבֵ֖י אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=[they.are].loving|Ref=HOS_3:1!21|MId=o280030010212|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:280030010141;A1:280030010221;|Type=participle_active 28 אֲשִׁישֵׁ֥י אֲשִׁישָׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 27 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).cakes|Ref=HOS_3:1!22|MId=o280030010221|Strong=0809 29 עֲנָבִֽים עֵנָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.grapes|Ref=HOS_3:1!23|MId=o280030010231|Strong=6025|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=HOS_3:1!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | לֵךְ *go* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אֱ‍ֽהַב־ *love* | imperative · qal | | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | | אֲהֻבַת *\[who is\] loved* | participle passive · qal | | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | | מְנָאָפֶת *commits adultery* | participle active · piel | אִשָּׁה *a woman* | | | | | אַהֲבַת *loves* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | בְּנֵי *the people* | | | | פֹּנִים *\[are\] turning* | participle active · qal | הֵם *they* | | | | | אֹהֲבֵי *\[they are\] loving* | participle active · qal | בְּנֵי *the people* | אֲשִׁישֵׁי *(of) cakes* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר יְיָ לִי עוֹד אֱזֵיל אִתְנַבֵּי נְבוּאָה עַל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דְאִינוּן דָמָן לְאִתְּתָא דִרְחִימָא עַל בַּעֲלָהּ וּמְזַנְיָא עֲלוֹהִי וְכָל כְּדֵין רָחֵים לָהּ וְלָא צָבֵי לְמִפְטְרָהּ כֵּן רְחִימַת יְיָ עַל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאִינוּן מִתְפְּנָן בָּתַר טַעֲוַת עַמְמַיָא בְּרַם אִם יְתוּבוּן יִשְׁתְּבֵיק לְהוֹן וִיהוֹן דָמָן לִגְבַר דְאִשְׁתְּלֵי וַאֲמַר מִלָא בְּחַבְרֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the LORD said unto me: 'Go yet, love a woman beloved of her friend and an adulteress, even as the LORD loveth the children of Israel, though they turn unto other gods, and love cakes of raisins.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.35/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:34`. - ← previous: [Hosea 2:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.2.25/) - next →: [Hosea 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.3.2/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/3/)