--- title: Hosea 4:3 — Therefore doth the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein d… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore doth the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein doth languish, with the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also are taken away. Who acts: land, one. Hosea 4:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/4/) / 4:3 # Hosea 4:3 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** land, one · **What happens:** mourn, dwell, languish, take away · **To what, where:** fishes This is Hosea 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, one — and what happens in the verse to fishes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֻמְלַל֙ כָּל־יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ בְּחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם יֵאָסֵֽפוּ׃ [Therefore doth the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein doth languish, with the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also are taken away.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.42/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:41 # text = עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֻמְלַל֙ כָּל־יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ בְּחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם יֵאָסֵֽפוּ׃ # verse = HOS.4.3 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=HOS_4:3!1|MId=o280040030011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 כֵּ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=HOS_4:3!2|MId=o280040030021|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=HOS_4:3!2 4 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל אָבַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.dry.up|Ref=HOS_4:3!3|MId=o280040030031|Strong=0056a|Frame=A0:280040030042;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 הָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=HOS_4:3!4|MId=o280040030041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 אָ֗רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=land|Ref=HOS_4:3!4|MId=o280040030042|Strong=0776 7-8 וְאֻמְלַל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_4:3!5|MId=o280040030051|Strong=2050b 8 אֻמְלַל֙ אָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PULAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.languish|Ref=HOS_4:3!5|MId=o280040030052|Strong=0535|Frame=A0:280040030071;|Type=weqatal 9 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=HOS_4:3!6|MId=o280040030061|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 10 יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one.who].dwells|Ref=HOS_4:3!7|MId=o280040030071|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 11-12 בָּ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=HOS_4:3!8|MId=o280040030081|Strong=0871a 12 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=HOS_4:3!8|MId=o280040030082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13-14 בְּחַיַּ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=HOS_4:3!9|MId=o280040030091|Strong=0871a 14 חַיַּ֥ת חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=HOS_4:3!9|MId=o280040030092|Strong=2416c 15-16 הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=HOS_4:3!10|MId=o280040030101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 שָּׂדֶ֖ה שָׂדֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.field|Ref=HOS_4:3!10|MId=o280040030102|Strong=7704 17-19 וּבְע֣וֹף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_4:3!11|MId=o280040030111|Strong=2050b 18 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=HOS_4:3!11|MId=o280040030112|Strong=0871a 19 ע֣וֹף עוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=the.bird[s]|Ref=HOS_4:3!11|MId=o280040030113|Strong=5775 20-21 הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=HOS_4:3!12|MId=o280040030121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 שָּׁמָ֑יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=HOS_4:3!12|MId=o280040030122|Strong=8064 22-23 וְגַם־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_4:3!13|MId=o280040030131|Strong=2050b 23 גַם־ גַּם ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=also|Ref=HOS_4:3!13|MId=o280040030132|Strong=1571|Type=affirmation 24 דְּגֵ֥י דָּג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=the.fish(es)|Ref=HOS_4:3!14|MId=o280040030141|Strong=1709 25-26 הַיָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=HOS_4:3!15|MId=o280040030151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 יָּ֖ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=HOS_4:3!15|MId=o280040030152|Strong=3220 27 יֵאָסֵֽפוּ אָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.removed|Ref=HOS_4:3!16|MId=o280040030161|Strong=0622|Frame=A1:280040030141;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=HOS_4:3!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תֶּאֱבַל *it will dry up* | yiqtol · qal | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | | אֻמְלַל *he will languish* | weqatal · pulal | יוֹשֵׁב *\[one who\] dwells* | | | | | יֵאָסֵֽפוּ *they will be removed* | yiqtol · niphal | | דְּגֵי *the fish(es)* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל כֵּן תֶּחֱרוֹב אַרְעָא וְיִצְדֵי כָּל דְיָתֵב בָּהּ בְּחַיַת בָּרָא וּבְעוֹפָא דִשְׁמַיָא וְאַף נוּנֵי יַמָא יִזְעֲרוּן מִן קֳדָם חוֹבֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore doth the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein doth languish, with the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also are taken away.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.42/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:41`. - ← previous: [Hosea 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.2/) - next →: [Hosea 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.4.4/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/4/)