--- title: Hosea 8:4 — They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off. Who acts: They, kings, I. Hosea 8:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Hosea](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/8/) / 8:4 # Hosea 8:4 הוֹשֵׁעַ **Who acts:** They, kings, I · **What happens:** set up, make, not know, cut off · **To what, where:** kings, princes, enemy This is Hosea 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — They, kings, I — and what happens in the verse to kings, princes, enemy, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Hosea on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃ [They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.107/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:HOS:103 # text = הֵ֤ם הִמְלִיכוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א מִמֶּ֔נִּי הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ וְלֹ֣א יָדָ֑עְתִּי כַּסְפָּ֣ם וּזְהָבָ֗ם עָשׂ֤וּ לָהֶם֙ עֲצַבִּ֔ים לְמַ֖עַן יִכָּרֵֽת׃ # verse = HOS.8.4 1 הֵ֤ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=HOS_8:4!1|MId=o280080040011|Strong=1992|Type=personal 2 הִמְלִיכוּ֙ מָלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.made.kings|Ref=HOS_8:4!2|MId=o280080040021|Strong=4427|Frame=A0:280080040011;|Type=qatal 3-4 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_8:4!3|MId=o280080040031|Strong=2050b 4 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=not|Ref=HOS_8:4!3|MId=o280080040032|Strong=3808|Type=negative 5-6 מִמֶּ֔נִּי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=HOS_8:4!4|MId=o280080040041|Strong=4480 6 ֶ֔נִּי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=HOS_8:4!4|MId=o280080040042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 הֵשִׂ֖ירוּ שׂור VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.installed.leaders|Ref=HOS_8:4!5|MId=o280080040051|Strong=8323|Frame=A0:280080030021;|Type=qatal 8-9 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_8:4!6|MId=o280080040061|Strong=2050b 9 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=HOS_8:4!6|MId=o280080040062|Strong=3808|Type=negative 10 יָדָ֑עְתִּי יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 7 conj _ Gloss=I.knew|Ref=HOS_8:4!7|MId=o280080040071|Strong=3045|Frame=A0:280080010071;|Type=qatal 11-12 כַּסְפָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַּסְפּ כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=silver|Ref=HOS_8:4!8|MId=o280080040081|Strong=3701 12 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=HOS_8:4!8|MId=o280080040082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13-15 וּזְהָבָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=HOS_8:4!9|MId=o280080040091|Strong=2050b 14 זְהָב זָהָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 conj _ Gloss=gold|Ref=HOS_8:4!9|MId=o280080040092|Strong=2091 15 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=HOS_8:4!9|MId=o280080040093|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 16 עָשׂ֤וּ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.made|Ref=HOS_8:4!10|MId=o280080040101|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:280080030021;A1:280080040081;280080040092;|Type=qatal 17-18 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=HOS_8:4!11|MId=o280080040111|Strong=3807a 18 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=HOS_8:4!11|MId=o280080040112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 עֲצַבִּ֔ים עָצָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 xcomp _ Gloss=idols|Ref=HOS_8:4!12|MId=o280080040121|Strong=6091 20 לְמַ֖עַן לְמַעַן SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=so.that|Ref=HOS_8:4!13|MId=o280080040131|Strong=4616 21 יִכָּרֵֽת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 parataxis _ Gloss=it.may.be.cut.off|Ref=HOS_8:4!14|MId=o280080040141|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:280080030021;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=HOS_8:4!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** הִמְלִיכוּ *they have made kings* | qatal · hiphil | הֵם *they* | | | | | הֵשִׂירוּ *they have installed leaders* | qatal · hiphil | | | | | | **not** יָדָעְתִּי *I knew* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשׂוּ *they have made* | qatal · qal | | כַּסְפּ *silver* + זְהָב *gold* | | | | יִכָּרֵֽת *it may be cut off* | yiqtol · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִינוּן אַמְלִיכוּ וְלָא מִמֵימְרִי רַבִּיאוּ וְלָא מַרְעוּתִי כַּסְפְּהוֹן וּדְהַבְהוֹן דְאַסִיקוּ לְהוֹן מִמִצְרַיִם עֲבָדוּ לְהוֹן טַעֲוָן בְּדִיל דְיִשְׁתֵּיצוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [They have set up kings, but not from Me, they have made princes, and I knew it not; of their silver and their gold have they made them idols, that they may be cut off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/HOS.107/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:HOS:103`. - ← previous: [Hosea 8:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.3/) - next →: [Hosea 8:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS.8.5/) - ↑ back to [Hosea 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HOS/8/)