--- title: Isaiah 1:23 — Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one lov… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them. Who acts: princes, one, cause. Isaiah 1:23 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.23/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/1/) / 1:23 # Isaiah 1:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** princes, one, cause · **What happens:** be, love, follow, not judge, come, cause · **To what, where:** bribes, fatherless, widow This is Isaiah 1:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, one, cause — and what happens in the verse to bribes, fatherless, widow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃פ [Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.24/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:22 # text = שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃פ # verse = ISA.1.23 1-2 שָׂרַ֣יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 שָׂרַ֣י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=leaders|Ref=ISA_1:23!1|MId=o230010230011|Strong=8269 2 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_1:23!1|MId=o230010230012|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 3 סוֹרְרִ֗ים סָרַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[are].rebels|Ref=ISA_1:23!2|MId=o230010230021|Strong=5637|Type=participle_active 4-5 וְחַבְרֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_1:23!3|MId=o230010230031|Strong=2050b 5 חַבְרֵי֙ חָבֵר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 conj _ Gloss=companions|Ref=ISA_1:23!3|MId=o230010230032|Strong=2270 6 גַּנָּבִ֔ים גַּנָּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.thieves|Ref=ISA_1:23!4|MId=o230010230041|Strong=1590 7-8 כֻּלּוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=of.it|Ref=ISA_1:23!5|MId=o230010230051|Strong=3605 8 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_1:23!5|MId=o230010230052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 9 אֹהֵ֣ב אָהֵב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=[is].loving|Ref=ISA_1:23!6|MId=o230010230061|Strong=0157|Frame=A0:230010230052;A1:230010230071;|Type=participle_active 10 שֹׁ֔חַד שֹׁחַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=a.bribe|Ref=ISA_1:23!7|MId=o230010230071|Strong=7810 11-12 וְרֹדֵ֖ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_1:23!8|MId=o230010230081|Strong=2050b 12 רֹדֵ֖ף רָדַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=[it.is].pursuing|Ref=ISA_1:23!8|MId=o230010230082|Strong=7291|Frame=A0:230010230051;A1:230010230091;|Type=participle_active 13 שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים שַׁלְמֹנִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=rewards|Ref=ISA_1:23!9|MId=o230010230091|Strong=8021 14 יָתוֹם֙ יָתוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=[the].fatherless|Ref=ISA_1:23!10|MId=o230010230101|Strong=3490 15 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 16 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_1:23!11|MId=o230010230111|Strong=3808|Type=negative 16 יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.vindicate|Ref=ISA_1:23!12|MId=o230010230121|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:230010230011;A1:230010230101;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 וְרִ֥יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=ISA_1:23!13|MId=o230010230131|Strong=2050b 18 רִ֥יב רִיב NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=lawsuit|Ref=ISA_1:23!13|MId=o230010230132|Strong=7379 19 אַלְמָנָ֖ה אַלְמָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.widow|Ref=ISA_1:23!14|MId=o230010230141|Strong=0490 20 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_1:23!15|MId=o230010230151|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 21 יָב֥וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=it.comes|Ref=ISA_1:23!16|MId=o230010230161|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:230010230132;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 אֲלֵיהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_1:23!17|MId=o230010230171|Strong=0413 23 הֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_1:23!17|MId=o230010230172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_1:23!17|SpaceAfter=No 25 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_1:23!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֹהֵב *\[is\] loving* | participle active · qal | וֹ *all* | שֹׁחַד *a bribe* | | | | רֹדֵף *\[it is\] pursuing* | participle active · qal | כֻּלּ *of it* | שַׁלְמֹנִים *rewards* | | | | **not** יִשְׁפֹּטוּ *they vindicate* | yiqtol · qal | שָׂרַי *leaders* | יָתוֹם *\[the\] fatherless* | | | | **not** יָבוֹא *it comes* | yiqtol · qal | רִיב *lawsuit* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} רַבְרְבַיִךְ מָרְדִין וְשׁוּתָּפִין לְגַנָבִין כּוּלְהוֹן רְחִימִין לְקַבָּלָא שׁוֹחֲדָא אָמְרִין גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ עֲבֵיד לִי טַב בְּדִינִי וַאֲשַׁלֵם לָךְ בְּדִינָךְ דִין יַתְמָא לָא דַיְנִין וּקְבֵילַת אַרְמַלְתָּא לָא עֲלַת לָקֳדָמֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves; every one loveth bribes, and followeth after rewards; they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.24/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:22`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 1:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.22/) - next →: [Isaiah 1:24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.24/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/1/)