--- title: Isaiah 15:3 — In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their house… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely. Who acts: heads, one. Isaiah 15:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/15/) / 15:3 # Isaiah 15:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** heads, one · **What happens:** gird, howl, weep · **To what, where:** heads, streets This is Isaiah 15:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — heads, one — and what happens in the verse to heads, streets, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃ [In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.338/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:308 # text = בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃ # verse = ISA.15.3 1-3 בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_15:3!1|MId=o230150030011|Strong=0871a 2 חוּצֹתָ֖י חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=streets|Ref=ISA_15:3!1|MId=o230150030012|Strong=2351 3 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_15:3!1|MId=o230150030013|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4 חָ֣גְרוּ חָגַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.girded.on|Ref=ISA_15:3!2|MId=o230150030021|Strong=2296|Frame=A0:230150020101;A1:230150030031;|Type=qatal 5 שָׂ֑ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=sackcloth|Ref=ISA_15:3!3|MId=o230150030031|Strong=8242 6 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_15:3!4|MId=o230150030041|Strong=5921 7-8 גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 גַּגּוֹתֶ֧י גָּג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=roofs|Ref=ISA_15:3!5|MId=o230150030051|Strong=1406 8 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_15:3!5|MId=o230150030052|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9-12 וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_15:3!6|MId=o230150030061|Strong=2050b 10 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_15:3!6|MId=o230150030062|Strong=0871a 11 רְחֹבֹתֶ֛י רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=its.open|Ref=ISA_15:3!6|MId=o230150030063|Strong=7339 12 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=places|Ref=ISA_15:3!6|MId=o230150030064|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13-14 כֻּלֹּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=of.it|Ref=ISA_15:3!7|MId=o230150030071|Strong=3605 14 ֹ֥ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_15:3!7|MId=o230150030072|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 יְיֵלִ֖יל יָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.is.wailing|Ref=ISA_15:3!8|MId=o230150030081|Strong=3213|Frame=A0:230150030072;|Type=yiqtol 16 יֹרֵ֥ד יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=going.down|Ref=ISA_15:3!9|MId=o230150030091|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230150020101;|Type=participle_active 17-19 בַּבֶּֽכִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_15:3!10|MId=o230150030101|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_15:3!10|MId=o230150030101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 בֶּֽכִי בְּכִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=weeping|Ref=ISA_15:3!10|MId=o230150030102|Strong=1065 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_15:3!10 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חָגְרוּ *they have girded on* | qatal · qal | | שָׂק *sackcloth* | | | | יְיֵלִיל *it is wailing* | yiqtol · hiphil | ֹה *all* | | | | | יֹרֵד *going down* | participle active · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּשׁוֹקֵיהוֹן יִסְרוּן סַקִין עַל אִיגָרֵיהוֹן וּבִרְחוֹבֵיהוֹן כּוּלְהוֹן מְיַלְלִין מְצַוְחִין וּבָכָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.338/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:308`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 15:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 15:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/15/)