--- title: Isaiah 16:8 — For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose ch… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose choice plants did overcome the lords of nations; they reached even unto Jazer, they wandered into the wilderness; her branches were spread abroad, they passed over the sea. Who acts: fields, choice plants, plants, branches. Isaiah 16: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/16/) / 16:8 # Isaiah 16:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** fields, choice plants, plants, branches · **What happens:** languish, overcome, reach, wander, spread, pass · **To what, where:** lords, wilderness, branches, sea This is Isaiah 16:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fields, choice plants, plants, branches — and what happens in the verse to lords, wilderness, branches, sea, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י שַׁדְמוֹת֩ חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן אֻמְלָ֜ל גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֗ה בַּעֲלֵ֤י גוֹיִם֙ הָלְמ֣וּ שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ עַד־יַעְזֵ֥ר נָגָ֖עוּ תָּ֣עוּ מִדְבָּ֑ר שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ נִטְּשׁ֖וּ עָ֥בְרוּ יָֽם׃ [For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose choice plants did overcome the lords of nations; they reached even unto Jazer, they wandered into the wilderness; her branches were spread abroad, they passed over the sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.352/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:322 # text = כִּ֣י שַׁדְמוֹת֩ חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן אֻמְלָ֜ל גֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֗ה בַּעֲלֵ֤י גוֹיִם֙ הָלְמ֣וּ שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ עַד־יַעְזֵ֥ר נָגָ֖עוּ תָּ֣עוּ מִדְבָּ֑ר שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ נִטְּשׁ֖וּ עָ֥בְרוּ יָֽם׃ # verse = ISA.16.8 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_16:8!1|MId=o230160080011|Strong=3588 2 שַׁדְמוֹת֩ שְׁדֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.terraced.fields|Ref=ISA_16:8!2|MId=o230160080021|Strong=7709 3 חֶשְׁבּ֨וֹן חֶשְׁבּוֹן PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Heshbon|Ref=ISA_16:8!3|MId=o230160080031|Strong=2809 4 אֻמְלָ֜ל אָמַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PULAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.languished|Ref=ISA_16:8!4|MId=o230160080041|Strong=0535|Frame=A0:230160080021;|Type=qatal 5 גֶּ֣פֶן גֶּפֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=the.vine[s]|Ref=ISA_16:8!5|MId=o230160080051|Strong=1612 6 שִׂבְמָ֗ה שִׂבְמָה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Sibmah|Ref=ISA_16:8!6|MId=o230160080061|Strong=7643 7 בַּעֲלֵ֤י בַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ Gloss=rulers|Ref=ISA_16:8!7|MId=o230160080071|Strong=1167 8 גוֹיִם֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.nations|Ref=ISA_16:8!8|MId=o230160080081|Strong=1471 9 הָלְמ֣וּ הָלַם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.struck.down|Ref=ISA_16:8!9|MId=o230160080091|Strong=1986|Frame=A0:230160080071;A1:230160080101;|Type=qatal 10-11 שְׂרוּקֶּ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 שְׂרוּקֶּ֔י שָׂרֹק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=its.choice|Ref=ISA_16:8!10|MId=o230160080101|Strong=8291|Type=adjective 11 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=grapes|Ref=ISA_16:8!10|MId=o230160080102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 12 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_16:8!11|MId=o230160080111|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 13 יַעְזֵ֥ר יַעְזֵר PROPN _ _ 14 obl _ Gloss=Jazer|Ref=ISA_16:8!12|MId=o230160080121|Strong=3270 14 נָגָ֖עוּ נָגַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.reached|Ref=ISA_16:8!13|MId=o230160080131|Strong=5060|Frame=A0:230160080101;|Type=qatal 15 תָּ֣עוּ תָּעָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.wandered|Ref=ISA_16:8!14|MId=o230160080141|Strong=8582|Frame=A0:230160080101;|Type=qatal 16 מִדְבָּ֑ר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=[the].wilderness|Ref=ISA_16:8!15|MId=o230160080151|Strong=4057 17-18 שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 שְׁלֻ֣חוֹתֶ֔י שְׁלֻחֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Gloss=shoots|Ref=ISA_16:8!16|MId=o230160080161|Strong=7976 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_16:8!16|MId=o230160080162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19 נִטְּשׁ֖וּ נָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.were.spread.out|Ref=ISA_16:8!17|MId=o230160080171|Strong=5203|Frame=A1:230160080161;|Type=qatal 20 עָ֥בְרוּ עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.passed.over|Ref=ISA_16:8!18|MId=o230160080181|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:230160080161;|Type=qatal 21 יָֽם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=[the].sea|Ref=ISA_16:8!19|MId=o230160080191|Strong=3220|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ISA_16:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֻמְלָל *it has languished* | qatal · pulal | שַׁדְמוֹת *the terraced fields* | | | | | הָלְמוּ *they have struck down* | qatal · qal | בַּעֲלֵי *rulers* | שְׂרוּקֶּי *its choice* | | | | נָגָעוּ *they reached* | qatal · qal | שְׂרוּקֶּי *its choice* | | | | | תָּעוּ *they wandered* | qatal · qal | שְׂרוּקֶּי *its choice* | | | | | נִטְּשׁוּ *they were spread out* | qatal · niphal | | שְׁלֻחוֹתֶי *shoots* | | | | עָבְרוּ *they passed over* | qatal · qal | שְׁלֻחוֹתֶי *shoots* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי אִתְבְּזִיזָא מַשִׁרְיַת חֶשְׁבּוֹן אִתְקַטְלָא סִיעַת שִׂבְמָה מַלְכֵי עַמְמַיָא קְטִילוּ שִׁלְטוֹנֵיהוֹן עַד יַעְזֵר מְטוֹ טָעוֹ לְמַדְבְּרָא מְטַלְטִלֵיהוֹן גָזוּ עֲבַרוּ יַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For the fields of Heshbon languish, and the vine of Sibmah, whose choice plants did overcome the lords of nations; they reached even unto Jazer, they wandered into the wilderness; her branches were spread abroad, they passed over the sea.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.352/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:322`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 16:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 16:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/16/)