--- title: Isaiah 17:9 — In that day shall his strong cities be as the forsaken places, which… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In that day shall his strong cities be as the forsaken places, which were forsaken from before the children of Israel, after the manner of woods and lofty forests; and it shall be a desolation. Who acts: strong cities, city. Isaiah 17:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/17/) / 17:9 # Isaiah 17:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** strong cities, city · **What happens:** be, forsake · **To what, where:** forsaken places, desolation This is Isaiah 17:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — strong cities, city — and what happens in the verse to forsaken places, desolation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִהְי֣וּ ׀ עָרֵ֣י מָעֻזּ֗וֹ כַּעֲזוּבַ֤ת הַחֹ֙רֶשׁ֙ וְהָ֣אָמִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָזְב֔וּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֖ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃ [In that day shall his strong cities be as the forsaken places, which were forsaken from before the children of Israel, after the manner of woods and lofty forests; and it shall be a desolation.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.368/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:337 # text = בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא יִהְי֣וּ ׀ עָרֵ֣י מָעֻזּ֗וֹ כַּעֲזוּבַ֤ת הַחֹ֙רֶשׁ֙ וְהָ֣אָמִ֔יר אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָזְב֔וּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהָיְתָ֖ה שְׁמָמָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.17.9 1-3 בַּיּ֨וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_17:9!1|MId=o230170090011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_17:9!1|MId=o230170090011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יּ֨וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=day|Ref=ISA_17:9!1|MId=o230170090012|Strong=3117 4-5 הַה֜וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_17:9!2|MId=o230170090021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 ה֜וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=ISA_17:9!2|MId=o230170090022|Strong=1931|Type=personal 6 יִהְי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=ISA_17:9!3|MId=o230170090031|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230170090041;|Type=yiqtol 7 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Ref=ISA_17:9!3 8 עָרֵ֣י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=ISA_17:9!4|MId=o230170090041|Strong=5892 9-10 מָעֻזּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מָעֻזּ מָעוֹז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=his.refuge|Ref=ISA_17:9!5|MId=o230170090051|Strong=4581 10 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_17:9!5|MId=o230170090052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 11-12 כַּעֲזוּבַ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_17:9!6|MId=o230170090061|Strong=3509a 12 עֲזוּבַ֤ת עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 advcl _ Gloss=the.forsaken.[place]|Ref=ISA_17:9!6|MId=o230170090062|Strong=5800|Type=participle_passive 13-14 הַחֹ֙רֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_17:9!7|MId=o230170090071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 חֹ֙רֶשׁ֙ חֹרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.forest|Ref=ISA_17:9!7|MId=o230170090072|Strong=2793 15-17 וְהָ֣אָמִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_17:9!8|MId=o230170090081|Strong=2050b 16 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_17:9!8|MId=o230170090082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אָמִ֔יר אָמִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 conj _ Gloss=top|Ref=ISA_17:9!8|MId=o230170090083|Strong=0534 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_17:9!9|MId=o230170090091|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 עָזְב֔וּ עָזַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.abandoned|Ref=ISA_17:9!10|MId=o230170090101|Strong=5800|Frame=A0:;A1:230170090062;|Type=qatal 20-21 מִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_17:9!11|MId=o230170090111|Strong=4480 21 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 19 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_17:9!11|MId=o230170090112|Strong=6440 22 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=ISA_17:9!12|MId=o230170090121|Strong=1121 23 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=ISA_17:9!13|MId=o230170090131|Strong=3478 24-25 וְהָיְתָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_17:9!14|MId=o230170090141|Strong=2050b 25 הָיְתָ֖ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 26 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_17:9!14|MId=o230170090142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230170090041;|Type=weqatal 26 שְׁמָמָֽה שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=a.desolation|Ref=ISA_17:9!15|MId=o230170090151|Strong=8077|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ISA_17:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִהְיוּ *they will be* | yiqtol · qal | עָרֵי *the cities* | | | | | עָזְבוּ *they abandoned* | qatal · qal | | עֲזוּבַת *the forsaken \[place\]* | | | | הָיְתָה *it will be* | weqatal · qal | עָרֵי *the cities* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּעִדָנָא הַהִיא יֶהֱוְיָן קִרְוֵי תוּקְפֵיהוֹן כִּכְרַךְ דַחֲרִיב וְאִתְחַמַר דִי אִשְׁתְּבֵיק מִן קֳדָם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּתְהֵי לְצָדוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In that day shall his strong cities be as the forsaken places, which were forsaken from before the children of Israel, after the manner of woods and lofty forests; and it shall be a desolation.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.368/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:337`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 17:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.8/) - next →: [Isaiah 17:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.10/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/17/)