--- title: Isaiah 18:1 — Ah, land of the buzzing of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Ah, land of the buzzing of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia; Who acts: wings. Isaiah 18:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/18/) / 18:1 # Isaiah 18:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** wings · **What happens:** be This is Isaiah 18:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — wings — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. ה֥וֹי אֶ֖רֶץ צִלְצַ֣ל כְּנָפָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְנַֽהֲרֵי־כֽוּשׁ׃ [Ah, land of the buzzing of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.375/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:343 # text = ה֥וֹי אֶ֖רֶץ צִלְצַ֣ל כְּנָפָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר מֵעֵ֖בֶר לְנַֽהֲרֵי־כֽוּשׁ׃ # verse = ISA.18.1 1 ה֥וֹי הוֹי INTJ _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=woe.to!|Ref=ISA_18:1!1|MId=o230180010011|Strong=1945|Type=interjection 2 אֶ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 1 parataxis _ Gloss=a.land|Ref=ISA_18:1!2|MId=o230180010021|Strong=0776 3 צִלְצַ֣ל צִלְצָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.whirring|Ref=ISA_18:1!3|MId=o230180010031|Strong=6767a 4 כְּנָפָ֑יִם כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.wings|Ref=ISA_18:1!4|MId=o230180010041|Strong=3671 5 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_18:1!5|MId=o230180010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 6-7 מֵעֵ֖בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=[is].from.[the]|Ref=ISA_18:1!6|MId=o230180010061|Strong=4480 7 עֵ֖בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=other.side|Ref=ISA_18:1!6|MId=o230180010062|Strong=5676 8-9 לְנַֽהֲרֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_18:1!7|MId=o230180010071|Strong=3807a 9 נַֽהֲרֵי־ נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nmod _ Gloss=the.rivers|Ref=ISA_18:1!7|MId=o230180010072|Strong=5104 10 כֽוּשׁ כּוּשׁ PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Cush|Ref=ISA_18:1!8|MId=o230180010081|Strong=3568a|SpaceAfter=No 11 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=ISA_18:1!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no MACULA marks no verb frame in this verse. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַי אַרְעָא דְאָתָן לָהּ בִּסְפִינָן מֵאַרְעָא רְחִיקָא וְקִלְעֵיהוֹן פְּרִיסָן כְּנִשְׁרָא דְטָאִיס בְּכַנְפוֹהִי דְמֵעִבַּר לְנַהֲרֵי הוֹדוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Ah, land of the buzzing of wings, which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.375/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:343`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 17:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.14/) - next →: [Isaiah 18:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.2/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/18/)