--- title: Isaiah 18:2 — That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters! Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide! Who acts: That, you, nation, river --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/18/) / 18:2 # Isaiah 18:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** That, you, nation, rivers, people · **What happens:** send, go, be, tread down, divide, begin · **To what, where:** ambassadors, vessels, people, nation, land This is Isaiah 18:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — That, you, nation, rivers, people — and what happens in the verse to ambassadors, vessels, people, nation, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ בַּיָּ֜ם צִירִ֗ים וּבִכְלֵי־גֹמֶא֮ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַיִם֒ לְכ֣וּ ׀ מַלְאָכִ֣ים קַלִּ֗ים אֶל־גּוֹי֙ מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ וּמוֹרָ֔ט אֶל־עַ֥ם נוֹרָ֖א מִן־ה֣וּא וָהָ֑לְאָה גּ֚וֹי קַו־קָ֣ו וּמְבוּסָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּזְא֥וּ נְהָרִ֖ים אַרְצֽוֹ׃ [That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.376/) [Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.377/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:344 # text = הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ בַּיָּ֜ם צִירִ֗ים וּבִכְלֵי־גֹמֶא֮ עַל־פְּנֵי־מַיִם֒ לְכ֣וּ ׀ מַלְאָכִ֣ים קַלִּ֗ים אֶל־גּוֹי֙ מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ וּמוֹרָ֔ט אֶל־עַ֥ם נוֹרָ֖א מִן־ה֣וּא וָהָ֑לְאָה גּ֚וֹי קַו־קָ֣ו וּמְבוּסָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּזְא֥וּ נְהָרִ֖ים אַרְצֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.18.2 1-2 הַשֹּׁלֵ֨חַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 2 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_18:2!1|MId=o230180020011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 שֹּׁלֵ֨חַ שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=which.is].sending|Ref=ISA_18:2!1|MId=o230180020012|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:230180010021;A1:230180020031;|Type=participle_active 3-5 בַּיָּ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_18:2!2|MId=o230180020021|Strong=0871a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_18:2!2|MId=o230180020021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יָּ֜ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=sea|Ref=ISA_18:2!2|MId=o230180020022|Strong=3220 6 צִירִ֗ים צִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=envoys|Ref=ISA_18:2!3|MId=o230180020031|Strong=6735a 7-9 וּבִכְלֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_18:2!4|MId=o230180020041|Strong=2050b 8 בִ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_18:2!4|MId=o230180020042|Strong=0871a 9 כְלֵי־ כְּלִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=vessels|Ref=ISA_18:2!4|MId=o230180020043|Strong=3627 10 גֹמֶא֮ גֹּמֶא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.papyrus|Ref=ISA_18:2!5|MId=o230180020051|Strong=1573 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_18:2!6|MId=o230180020061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 פְּנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 nmod _ Gloss=[the].surface|Ref=ISA_18:2!7|MId=o230180020071|Strong=6440|SpaceAfter=No 13 מַיִם֒ מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].waters|Ref=ISA_18:2!8|MId=o230180020081|Strong=4325 14 לְכ֣וּ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 parataxis _ Gloss=go|Ref=ISA_18:2!9|MId=o230180020091|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:230180020101;|Type=imperative 15 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=ISA_18:2!9 16 מַלְאָכִ֣ים מַלְאָךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 dislocated _ Gloss=O.messengers|Ref=ISA_18:2!10|MId=o230180020101|Strong=4397 17 קַלִּ֗ים קַל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 amod _ Gloss=swift|Ref=ISA_18:2!11|MId=o230180020111|Strong=7031|Type=adjective 18 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_18:2!12|MId=o230180020121|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 19 גּוֹי֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=a.nation|Ref=ISA_18:2!13|MId=o230180020131|Strong=1471 20 מְמֻשָּׁ֣ךְ מָשַׁךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=tall|Ref=ISA_18:2!14|MId=o230180020141|Strong=4900|Frame=A0:230180020131;|Type=participle_passive 21-22 וּמוֹרָ֔ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_18:2!15|MId=o230180020151|Strong=2050b 22 מוֹרָ֔ט מרט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=smooth.skinned|Ref=ISA_18:2!15|MId=o230180020152|Strong=4803|Frame=A0:230180020131;|Type=participle_passive 23 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_18:2!16|MId=o230180020161|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 24 עַ֥ם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 conj _ Gloss=a.people|Ref=ISA_18:2!17|MId=o230180020171|Strong=5971 25 נוֹרָ֖א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 24 acl:relcl _ Gloss=feared|Ref=ISA_18:2!18|MId=o230180020181|Strong=3372|Frame=A1:230180020171;|Type=participle_active 26 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_18:2!19|MId=o230180020191|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 27 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_18:2!20|MId=o230180020201|Strong=1931|Type=personal 28-29 וָהָ֑לְאָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_18:2!21|MId=o230180020211|Strong=2050b 29 הָ֑לְאָה הָלְאָה ADV _ _ 27 advmod _ Gloss=beyond|Ref=ISA_18:2!21|MId=o230180020212|Strong=1973 30 גּ֚וֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 appos _ Gloss=a.nation|Ref=ISA_18:2!22|MId=o230180020221|Strong=1471 31 קַו־ קַו NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 appos _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=ISA_18:2!23|MId=o230180020231|Strong=6957a|SpaceAfter=No 32 קָ֣ו קַו NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=ISA_18:2!24|MId=o230180020241|Strong=6957a 33-34 וּמְבוּסָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_18:2!25|MId=o230180020251|Strong=2050b 34 מְבוּסָ֔ה מְבוּסָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 31 conj _ Gloss=trampling|Ref=ISA_18:2!25|MId=o230180020252|Strong=4001 35 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 36 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_18:2!26|MId=o230180020261|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 36 בָּזְא֥וּ בָּזָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 30 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.divide|Ref=ISA_18:2!27|MId=o230180020271|Strong=0958|Frame=A0:230180020281;A1:230180020291;|Type=qatal 37 נְהָרִ֖ים נָהָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ Gloss=rivers|Ref=ISA_18:2!28|MId=o230180020281|Strong=5104 38-39 אַרְצֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 36 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=ISA_18:2!29|MId=o230180020291|Strong=0776 39 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_18:2!29|MId=o230180020292|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=ISA_18:2!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שֹּׁלֵחַ *which is\] sending* | participle active · qal | | צִירִים *envoys* | | | | לְכוּ *go* | imperative · qal | מַלְאָכִים *O messengers* | | | | | מְמֻשָּׁךְ *tall* | participle passive · pual | גּוֹי *a nation* | | | | | מוֹרָט *smooth skinned* | participle passive · pual | גּוֹי *a nation* | | | | | נוֹרָא *feared* | participle active · niphal | | עַם *a people* | | | | בָּזְאוּ *they divide* | qatal · qal | נְהָרִים *rivers* | אַרְצ *land* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} דִמְשַׁלַח בְּיַמָא אִזְגַדִין וּבִדְגוּגִין עַל אַפֵּי מַיָא אֱזִילוּ אִזְגַדִין קַלִילִין לְוַת עַמָא אֲנִיסָא וּבְזִיזָא לְוַת עַמָא דִתְקַיף מִבְּכֵין וּלְהַלָא עַמָא אֲנִיסָא וּבְזִיזָא דְבָזוּ עַמְמַיָא אַרְעֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.376/) 2. [Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and of glossy skin, to a people terrible from their beginning onward; a nation that is sturdy and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.377/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:344`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 18:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.1/) - next →: [Isaiah 18:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.3/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/18/)