--- title: Isaiah 19:18 — In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that spe… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction. Who acts: five cities. Isaiah 19:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every cl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/19/) / 19:18 # Isaiah 19:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** five cities · **What happens:** be, speak, swear, call · **To what, where:** language, one · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 19:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — five cities — and what happens in the verse to language, one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִהְיוּ֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ שְׂפַ֣ת כְּנַ֔עַן וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת עִ֣יר הַהֶ֔רֶס יֵאָמֵ֖ר לְאֶחָֽת׃ס [In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.402/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:367 # text = בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֡וּא יִהְיוּ֩ חָמֵ֨שׁ עָרִ֜ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ שְׂפַ֣ת כְּנַ֔עַן וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת לַיהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת עִ֣יר הַהֶ֔רֶס יֵאָמֵ֖ר לְאֶחָֽת׃ס # verse = ISA.19.18 1-3 בַּיּ֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_19:18!1|MId=o230190180011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_19:18!1|MId=o230190180011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 יּ֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=ISA_19:18!1|MId=o230190180012|Strong=3117 4-5 הַה֡וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_19:18!2|MId=o230190180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 ה֡וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=ISA_19:18!2|MId=o230190180022|Strong=1931|Type=personal 6 יִהְיוּ֩ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 12 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=ISA_19:18!3|MId=o230190180031|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230190180051;|Type=yiqtol 7 חָמֵ֨שׁ חָמֵשׁ NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nummod _ Gloss=five|Ref=ISA_19:18!4|MId=o230190180041|Strong=2568|Type=cardinal_number 8 עָרִ֜ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=ISA_19:18!5|MId=o230190180051|Strong=5892 9-10 בְּאֶ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_19:18!6|MId=o230190180061|Strong=0871a 10 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 nmod _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=ISA_19:18!6|MId=o230190180062|Strong=0776 11 מִצְרַ֗יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=ISA_19:18!7|MId=o230190180071|Strong=4714 12 מְדַבְּרוֹת֙ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[which].speak|Ref=ISA_19:18!8|MId=o230190180081|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:230190180051;A1:230190180091;|Type=participle_active 13 שְׂפַ֣ת שָׂפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=the.language|Ref=ISA_19:18!9|MId=o230190180091|Strong=8193 14 כְּנַ֔עַן כְּנַעַן PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Canaan|Ref=ISA_19:18!10|MId=o230190180101|Strong=3667 15-16 וְנִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and.[which]|Ref=ISA_19:18!11|MId=o230190180111|Strong=2050b 16 נִשְׁבָּע֖וֹת שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=swear.an.oath|Ref=ISA_19:18!11|MId=o230190180112|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:230190180051;|Type=participle_active 17-18 לַיהוָ֣ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_19:18!12|MId=o230190180121|Strong=3807a 18 יהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_19:18!12|MId=o230190180122|Strong=3068 19 צְבָא֑וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_19:18!13|MId=o230190180131|Strong=6635 20 עִ֣יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=ISA_19:18!14|MId=o230190180141|Strong=5892 21-22 הַהֶ֔רֶס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ISA_19:18!15|MId=o230190180151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 הֶ֔רֶס הֶרֶס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=destruction|Ref=ISA_19:18!15|MId=o230190180152|Strong=2041 23 יֵאָמֵ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 ccomp _ Gloss=it.will.be.said|Ref=ISA_19:18!16|MId=o230190180161|Strong=0559|Frame=A1:230190180141;|Type=yiqtol 24-25 לְאֶחָֽת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_19:18!17|MId=o230190180171|Strong=3807a 25 אֶחָֽת אֶחָד NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=one|Ref=ISA_19:18!17|MId=o230190180172|Strong=0259|Type=cardinal_number 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=ISA_19:18!17|SpaceAfter=No 27 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=ISA_19:18!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִהְיוּ *they will be* | yiqtol · qal | עָרִים *cities* | | | | | מְדַבְּרוֹת *\[which\] speak* | participle active · piel | עָרִים *cities* | שְׂפַת *the language* | | | | נִשְׁבָּעוֹת *swear an oath* | participle active · niphal | עָרִים *cities* | | | | | יֵאָמֵר *it will be said* | yiqtol · niphal | | עִיר *the city* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְעִדָנָא הַהִיא יֶהֶוְיָן חֲמֵשׁ קִרְוִין בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם מְמַלְלָן מַמְלַל כְּנַעֲנָאָה וְקַיְמָן בִּשְׁמָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת קַרְתָּא בֵית שֶׁמֶשׁ דַעֲתִידָא לְמֶחְרַב יִתְאַמַר הִיא חֲדָא מִנְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan, and swear to the LORD of hosts; one shall be called The city of destruction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.402/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:367`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 19:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/19/)