--- title: Isaiah 19:20 — And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them. Who acts: land, hosts, Egypt, defender. Isaiah 19:20 in Hebrew with its depend --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/19/) / 19:20 # Isaiah 19:20 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** land, hosts, Egypt, defender · **What happens:** be, cry, send, deliver · **To what, where:** land, saviour, hosts This is Isaiah 19:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, hosts, Egypt, defender — and what happens in the verse to land, saviour, hosts, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֨ה לְא֥וֹת וּלְעֵ֛ד לַֽיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־יִצְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י לֹֽחֲצִ֔ים וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח לָהֶ֛ם מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ וָרָ֖ב וְהִצִּילָֽם׃ [And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.404/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:369 # text = וְהָיָ֨ה לְא֥וֹת וּלְעֵ֛ד לַֽיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־יִצְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י לֹֽחֲצִ֔ים וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח לָהֶ֛ם מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ וָרָ֖ב וְהִצִּילָֽם׃ # verse = ISA.19.20 1-2 וְהָיָ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_19:20!1|MId=o230190200011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֨ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 cop _ Gloss=it.will.become|Ref=ISA_19:20!1|MId=o230190200012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230190190041;230190190092;|Type=weqatal 3-4 לְא֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=ISA_19:20!2|MId=o230190200021|Strong=3807a 4 א֥וֹת אוֹת NOUN _ Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=sign|Ref=ISA_19:20!2|MId=o230190200022|Strong=0226 5-7 וּלְעֵ֛ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and.(into)|Ref=ISA_19:20!3|MId=o230190200031|Strong=2050b 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=a|Ref=ISA_19:20!3|MId=o230190200032|Strong=3807a 7 עֵ֛ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=witness|Ref=ISA_19:20!3|MId=o230190200033|Strong=5707 8-9 לַֽיהוָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_19:20!4|MId=o230190200041|Strong=3807a 9 יהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_19:20!4|MId=o230190200042|Strong=3068 10 צְבָא֖וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_19:20!5|MId=o230190200051|Strong=6635 11-12 בְּאֶ֣רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_19:20!6|MId=o230190200061|Strong=0871a 12 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=ISA_19:20!6|MId=o230190200062|Strong=0776 13 מִצְרָ֑יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Egypt|Ref=ISA_19:20!7|MId=o230190200071|Strong=4714 14 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_19:20!8|MId=o230190200081|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 15 יִצְעֲק֤וּ צָעַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=they.will.cry.out|Ref=ISA_19:20!9|MId=o230190200091|Strong=6817|Frame=A0:230190200071;|Type=yiqtol 16 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_19:20!10|MId=o230190200101|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 17 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_19:20!11|MId=o230190200111|Strong=3068 18-19 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=ISA_19:20!12|MId=o230190200121|Strong=4480 19 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_19:20!12|MId=o230190200122|Strong=6440 20 לֹֽחֲצִ֔ים לָחַץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those.who].oppress|Ref=ISA_19:20!13|MId=o230190200131|Strong=3905|Type=participle_active 21-22 וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_19:20!14|MId=o230190200141|Strong=2050b 22 יִשְׁלַ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.will.send|Ref=ISA_19:20!14|MId=o230190200142|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:230190200111;A1:230190200161;|Type=yiqtol 23-24 לָהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_19:20!15|MId=o230190200151|Strong=3807a 24 ָהֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_19:20!15|MId=o230190200152|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 25 מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ יָשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=a.deliverer|Ref=ISA_19:20!16|MId=o230190200161|Strong=3467a|Type=participle_active 26-27 וָרָ֖ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_19:20!17|MId=o230190200171|Strong=2050b 27 רָ֖ב ריב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 25 conj _ Gloss=[one.who].contends|Ref=ISA_19:20!17|MId=o230190200172|Strong=7378|Type=participle_active 28-30 וְהִצִּילָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_19:20!18|MId=o230190200181|Strong=2050b 29 הִצִּיל נָצַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_19:20!18|MId=o230190200182|Strong=5337|Frame=AA:230190200161;A0:230190200183;|Type=weqatal 30 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ Gloss=will.rescue.them|Ref=ISA_19:20!18|MId=o230190200183|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_19:20!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *it will become* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | יִצְעֲקוּ *they will cry out* | yiqtol · qal | מִצְרָיִם *of Egypt* | | | | | יִשְׁלַח *he will send* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מוֹשִׁיעַ *a deliverer* | | | | הִצִּיל *he* | weqatal · hiphil | ָֽם *will rescue them* | | | מוֹשִׁיעַ *a deliverer* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי לְאָת וּלְסָהִיד קֳדָם יְיָ צְבָאוֹת בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם אֲרֵי יְצַלוּן קֳדָם יְיָ מִן קֳדָם דָחֲקֵיהוֹן וִישַׁלַח לְהוֹן פָּרִיק וְדַיָן וִישֵׁיזְבִינוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.404/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:369`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 19:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.19/) - next →: [Isaiah 19:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.21/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/19/)