--- title: Isaiah 2:4 — And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many pe… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Who acts: mountain, peoples, nation. Isaiah 2:4 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/2/) / 2:4 # Isaiah 2:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** mountain, peoples, nation · **What happens:** judge, decide, beat, not lift up, learn · **To what, where:** swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war This is Isaiah 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountain, peoples, nation — and what happens in the verse to swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ [And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:34 # text = וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ # verse = ISA.2.4 1-2 וְשָׁפַט֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_2:4!1|MId=o230020040011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁפַט֙ שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.judge|Ref=ISA_2:4!1|MId=o230020040012|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:230020030231;|Type=weqatal 3 בֵּ֣ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=ISA_2:4!2|MId=o230020040021|Strong=0996 4-5 הַגּוֹיִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_2:4!3|MId=o230020040031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 גּוֹיִ֔ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=ISA_2:4!3|MId=o230020040032|Strong=1471 6-7 וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_2:4!4|MId=o230020040041|Strong=2050b 7 הוֹכִ֖יחַ יָכַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.decide|Ref=ISA_2:4!4|MId=o230020040042|Strong=3198|Frame=A0:230020030231;|Type=weqatal 8-9 לְעַמִּ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_2:4!5|MId=o230020040051|Strong=3807a 9 עַמִּ֣ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=ISA_2:4!5|MId=o230020040052|Strong=5971 10 רַבִּ֑ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=ISA_2:4!6|MId=o230020040061|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 11-12 וְכִתְּת֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_2:4!7|MId=o230020040071|Strong=2050b 12 כִתְּת֨וּ כָּתַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.beat|Ref=ISA_2:4!7|MId=o230020040072|Strong=3807|Frame=A0:230020040052;A1:230020040081;|Type=weqatal 13-14 חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 חַרְבוֹת חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 obj _ Gloss=swords|Ref=ISA_2:4!8|MId=o230020040081|Strong=2719 14 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_2:4!8|MId=o230020040082|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְאִתִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=ISA_2:4!9|MId=o230020040091|Strong=3807a 16 אִתִּ֗ים אֵת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=plowshares|Ref=ISA_2:4!9|MId=o230020040092|Strong=0855 17-19 וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_2:4!10|MId=o230020040101|Strong=2050b 18 חֲנִיתֽוֹתֵי חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=spears|Ref=ISA_2:4!10|MId=o230020040102|Strong=2595 19 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_2:4!10|MId=o230020040103|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 20-21 לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=ISA_2:4!11|MId=o230020040111|Strong=3807a 21 מַזְמֵר֔וֹת מַזְמֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 18 obl _ Gloss=pruning.knives|Ref=ISA_2:4!11|MId=o230020040112|Strong=4211 22 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_2:4!12|MId=o230020040121|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 23 יִשָּׂ֨א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.lift.up|Ref=ISA_2:4!13|MId=o230020040131|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:230020040141;A1:230020040171;|Type=yiqtol 24 ג֤וֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=nation|Ref=ISA_2:4!14|MId=o230020040141|Strong=1471 25 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=ISA_2:4!15|MId=o230020040151|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 26 גּוֹי֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=nation|Ref=ISA_2:4!16|MId=o230020040161|Strong=1471 27 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=ISA_2:4!17|MId=o230020040171|Strong=2719 28-29 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_2:4!18|MId=o230020040181|Strong=2050b 29 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_2:4!18|MId=o230020040182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 30 יִלְמְד֥וּ לָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 23 conj _ Gloss=they.will.learn|Ref=ISA_2:4!19|MId=o230020040191|Strong=3925|Frame=A0:230020040052;A1:230020040211;|Type=yiqtol 31 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 30 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=ISA_2:4!20|MId=o230020040201|Strong=5750 32 מִלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obj _ Gloss=warfare|Ref=ISA_2:4!21|MId=o230020040211|Strong=4421|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=ISA_2:4!21|SpaceAfter=No 34 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=ISA_2:4!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפַט *he will judge* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הוֹכִיחַ *he will decide* | weqatal · hiphil | | | | | | כִתְּתוּ *they will beat* | weqatal · piel | עַמִּים *peoples* | חַרְבוֹת *swords* | | | | **not** יִשָּׂא *it will lift up* | yiqtol · qal | גוֹי *nation* | חֶרֶב *a sword* | | | | **not** יִלְמְדוּ *they will learn* | yiqtol · qal | עַמִּים *peoples* | מִלְחָמָֽה *warfare* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיָדִין בֵּין מִלְכְּוָתָא וְיוֹכַח לְעַמְמִין סַגִיאִין וִיעַפְפוּן סְיָפֵיהוֹן לְסִכִּין וּמוּרְנְיָתֵיהוֹן לְמַגָלִין לָא יִטוֹל עַם בְּאַפֵּי עַם זְיַן וְלָא יִתְאַלְפוּן עוֹד מִבְּכֵן קְרָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:34`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.3/) - next →: [Isaiah 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/2/)