--- title: Isaiah 21:15 — For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war. Who acts: inhabitants. Isaiah 21:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/) / 21:15 # Isaiah 21:15 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** inhabitants · **What happens:** flee away, draw · **To what, where:** swords This is Isaiah 21:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to swords, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲרָב֖וֹת נָדָ֑דוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י ׀ חֶ֣רֶב נְטוּשָׁ֗ה וּמִפְּנֵי֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת דְּרוּכָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י כֹּ֥בֶד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ס [For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.438/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:395 # text = כִּֽי־מִפְּנֵ֥י חֲרָב֖וֹת נָדָ֑דוּ מִפְּנֵ֣י ׀ חֶ֣רֶב נְטוּשָׁ֗ה וּמִפְּנֵי֙ קֶ֣שֶׁת דְּרוּכָ֔ה וּמִפְּנֵ֖י כֹּ֥בֶד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ס # verse = ISA.21.15 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_21:15!1|MId=o230210150011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 מִפְּנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:15!2|MId=o230210150021|Strong=4480 3 פְּנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_21:15!2|MId=o230210150022|Strong=6440 4 חֲרָב֖וֹת חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=swords|Ref=ISA_21:15!3|MId=o230210150031|Strong=2719 5 נָדָ֑דוּ נָדַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.fled|Ref=ISA_21:15!4|MId=o230210150041|Strong=5074|Frame=A0:230210140101;|Type=qatal 6-7 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:15!5|MId=o230210150051|Strong=4480 7 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_21:15!5|MId=o230210150052|Strong=6440 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:15!5 9 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=ISA_21:15!6|MId=o230210150061|Strong=2719 10 נְטוּשָׁ֗ה נָטַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Gloss=drawn|Ref=ISA_21:15!7|MId=o230210150071|Strong=5203|Frame=A1:230210150061;|Type=participle_passive 11-13 וּמִפְּנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:15!8|MId=o230210150081|Strong=2050b 12 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:15!8|MId=o230210150082|Strong=4480 13 פְּנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_21:15!8|MId=o230210150083|Strong=6440 14 קֶ֣שֶׁת קֶשֶׁת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.bow|Ref=ISA_21:15!9|MId=o230210150091|Strong=7198 15 דְּרוּכָ֔ה דָּרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=bent|Ref=ISA_21:15!10|MId=o230210150101|Strong=1869|Frame=A1:230210150091;|Type=participle_passive 16-18 וּמִפְּנֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:15!11|MId=o230210150111|Strong=2050b 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:15!11|MId=o230210150112|Strong=4480 18 פְּנֵ֖י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_21:15!11|MId=o230210150113|Strong=6440 19 כֹּ֥בֶד כֹּבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[the].weight|Ref=ISA_21:15!12|MId=o230210150121|Strong=3514 20 מִלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.battle|Ref=ISA_21:15!13|MId=o230210150131|Strong=4421|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:15!13|SpaceAfter=No 22 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:15!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָדָדוּ *they have fled* | qatal · qal | | | | | | נְטוּשָׁה *drawn* | participle passive · qal | | חֶרֶב *a sword* | | | | דְּרוּכָה *bent* | participle passive · qal | | קֶשֶׁת *a bow* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי מִן קֳדָם קְטוֹל עֲרָקוּ מִן קֳדָם חַרְבָּא שְׁלִיפָא וּמִן קֳדָם קֶשֶׁת מְתִיחָא וּמִן קֳדָם תְּקוֹף קְרָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For they fled away from the swords, from the drawn sword, and from the bent bow, and from the grievousness of war.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.438/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:395`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 21:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.14/) - next →: [Isaiah 21:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.16/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/)