--- title: Isaiah 21:3 — Therefore are my loins filled with convulsion; pangs have taken hold… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore are my loins filled with convulsion; pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman in travail; I am bent so that I cannot hear; I am affrighted so that I cannot see. Who acts: pangs, I. Isaiah 21:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/) / 21:3 # Isaiah 21:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** pangs, I · **What happens:** fill, take, bend, not hear, affright, not see · **To what, where:** loins, hold, I This is Isaiah 21:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — pangs, I — and what happens in the verse to loins, hold, I, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃ [Therefore are my loins filled with convulsion; pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman in travail; I am bent so that I cannot hear; I am affrighted so that I cannot see.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.421/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:383 # text = עַל־כֵּ֗ן מָלְא֤וּ מָתְנַי֙ חַלְחָלָ֔ה צִירִ֣ים אֲחָז֔וּנִי כְּצִירֵ֖י יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי מֵרְאֽוֹת׃ # verse = ISA.21.3 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ISA_21:3!1|MId=o230210030011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_21:3!2|MId=o230210030021|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 3 מָלְא֤וּ מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.full|Ref=ISA_21:3!3|MId=o230210030031|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:230210030041;|Type=qatal 4-5 מָתְנַי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מָתְנ מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 3 nsubj _ Gloss=loins|Ref=ISA_21:3!4|MId=o230210030041|Strong=4975 5 ַי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_21:3!4|MId=o230210030042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 6 חַלְחָלָ֔ה חַלְחָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=anguish|Ref=ISA_21:3!5|MId=o230210030051|Strong=2479 7 צִירִ֣ים צִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=pangs|Ref=ISA_21:3!6|MId=o230210030061|Strong=6735b 8-9 אֲחָז֔וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲחָז֔וּ אָחַז VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=ISA_21:3!7|MId=o230210030071|Strong=0270|Frame=A0:230210030061;A1:230210030072;|Type=qatal 9 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ Gloss=have.seized.me|Ref=ISA_21:3!7|MId=o230210030072|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 10-11 כְּצִירֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=ISA_21:3!8|MId=o230210030081|Strong=3509a 11 צִירֵ֖י צִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=pangs|Ref=ISA_21:3!8|MId=o230210030082|Strong=6735b 12 יֽוֹלֵדָ֑ה יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[one.who].gives.birth|Ref=ISA_21:3!9|MId=o230210030091|Strong=3205|Type=participle_active 13 נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי עָוָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.am.bent.over|Ref=ISA_21:3!10|MId=o230210030101|Strong=5753|Frame=A0:230200020061;|Type=qatal 14-15 מִשְּׁמֹ֔עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:3!11|MId=o230210030111|Strong=4480 15 שְּׁמֹ֔עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 13 advcl _ Gloss=hearing|Ref=ISA_21:3!11|MId=o230210030112|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230200020061;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 נִבְהַ֖לְתִּי בָּהַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 parataxis _ Gloss=I.am.terrified|Ref=ISA_21:3!12|MId=o230210030121|Strong=0926|Frame=A0:230200020061;|Type=qatal 17-18 מֵרְאֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_21:3!13|MId=o230210030131|Strong=4480 18 רְאֽוֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 16 advcl _ Gloss=seeing|Ref=ISA_21:3!13|MId=o230210030132|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:230200020061;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:3!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מָלְאוּ *they are full* | qatal · qal | מָתְנ *loins* | | | | | אֲחָזוּ *they* | qatal · qal | צִירִים *pangs* | נִי *have seized me* | | | | נַעֲוֵיתִי *I am bent over* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | שְּׁמֹעַ *hearing* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | נִבְהַלְתִּי *I am terrified* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | רְאֽוֹת *seeing* | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל כֵּן אִתְמְלִיאוּ חַרְצֵיהוֹן זִיעַיָא דַחֲלָא אֲחַדְתִּינוּן הָא כְּחֶבְלִין לְיָלֵידְתָּא אִטַפָּשׁוּ מִלְמִשְׁמַע טָעוּ מִלְמֶחֱזֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore are my loins filled with convulsion; pangs have taken hold upon me, as the pangs of a woman in travail; I am bent so that I cannot hear; I am affrighted so that I cannot see.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.421/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:383`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 21:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 21:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/)