--- title: Isaiah 21:8 — And he cried as a lion: 'Upon the watch-tower, O Lord, I stand conti… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he cried as a lion: 'Upon the watch-tower, O Lord, I stand continually in the daytime, and I am set in my ward all the nights.' Who acts: Lord, I. Isaiah 21:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/) / 21:8 # Isaiah 21:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Lord, I · **What happens:** cry, stand, set · **To what, where:** daytime, I, ward · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 21:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord, I — and what happens in the verse to daytime, I, ward, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָ֖א אַרְיֵ֑ה עַל־מִצְפֶּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י אָנֹכִ֞י עֹמֵ֤ד תָּמִיד֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְעַל־מִ֨שְׁמַרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב כָּל־הַלֵּילֽוֹת׃ [And he cried as a lion: 'Upon the watch-tower, O Lord, I stand continually in the daytime, and I am set in my ward all the nights.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.426/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:388 # text = וַיִּקְרָ֖א אַרְיֵ֑ה עַל־מִצְפֶּ֣ה ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י אָנֹכִ֞י עֹמֵ֤ד תָּמִיד֙ יוֹמָ֔ם וְעַל־מִ֨שְׁמַרְתִּ֔י אָנֹכִ֥י נִצָּ֖ב כָּל־הַלֵּילֽוֹת׃ # verse = ISA.21.8 1-2 וַיִּקְרָ֖א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:8!1|MId=o230210080011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָ֖א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.called.out|Ref=ISA_21:8!1|MId=o230210080012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:230210080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אַרְיֵ֑ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.lion|Ref=ISA_21:8!2|MId=o230210080021|Strong=0738a 4 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_21:8!3|MId=o230210080031|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 5 מִצְפֶּ֣ה מִצְפֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=a.watchtower|Ref=ISA_21:8!4|MId=o230210080041|Strong=4707 6 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:8!4 7-8 אֲדֹנָ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 dislocated _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=ISA_21:8!5|MId=o230210080051|Strong=0113 8 ָ֗י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_21:8!5|MId=o230210080052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 9 אָנֹכִ֞י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_21:8!6|MId=o230210080061|Strong=0595|Type=personal 10 עֹמֵ֤ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 2 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].standing|Ref=ISA_21:8!7|MId=o230210080071|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:230210080061;|Type=participle_active 11 תָּמִיד֙ תָּמִיד ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 advmod _ Gloss=continually|Ref=ISA_21:8!8|MId=o230210080081|Strong=8548 12 יוֹמָ֔ם יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 10 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=ISA_21:8!9|MId=o230210080091|Strong=3119 13-14 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:8!10|MId=o230210080101|Strong=2050b 14 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=ISA_21:8!10|MId=o230210080102|Strong=5921 15-16 מִ֨שְׁמַרְתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ֨שְׁמַרְתּ מִשְׁמֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=post|Ref=ISA_21:8!11|MId=o230210080111|Strong=4931 16 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_21:8!11|MId=o230210080112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 17 אָנֹכִ֥י אָנֹכִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_21:8!12|MId=o230210080121|Strong=0595|Type=personal 18 נִצָּ֖ב נָצַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=[am].stationed|Ref=ISA_21:8!13|MId=o230210080131|Strong=5324|Frame=A0:230210080121;|Type=participle_active 19 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_21:8!14|MId=o230210080141|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הַלֵּילֽוֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_21:8!15|MId=o230210080151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 לֵּילֽוֹת לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nights|Ref=ISA_21:8!15|MId=o230210080152|Strong=3915 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he called out* | wayyiqtol · qal | אַרְיֵה *a lion* | | | | | עֹמֵד *\[am\] standing* | participle active · qal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | | נִצָּב *\[am\] stationed* | participle active · niphal | אָנֹכִי *I* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲמַר נְבִיָא קַל מַשִׁרְיָן דְאַתְיָן בְּסִיטוּנֵיהוֹן כְּאַרְיָא וְעַל סָכוּתָא קֳדָם יְיָ אֲנָא קָאִים תְּדִירָא בִּימָמָא וְעַל מַטַרְתִּי אֲנָא מְעַתַּד כָּל לֵילְיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he cried as a lion: 'Upon the watch-tower, O Lord, I stand continually in the daytime, and I am set in my ward all the nights.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.426/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:388`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 21:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 21:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/)