--- title: Isaiah 21:9 — And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs. And he sp… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs. And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.' Who acts: troop, Lord. Isaiah 21:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/) / 21:9 # Isaiah 21:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** troop, Lord · **What happens:** come, speak, say, fall, be, break · **To what, where:** Babylon, graven images, gods · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 21:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — troop, Lord — and what happens in the verse to Babylon, graven images, gods, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃ [And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.427/) [And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.428/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:389 # text = וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = ISA.21.9 1-2 וְהִנֵּה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:9!1|MId=o230210090011|Strong=2050b 2 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 4 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=ISA_21:9!1|MId=o230210090012|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 3 זֶ֥ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ Gloss=this|Ref=ISA_21:9!2|MId=o230210090021|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 4 בָא֙ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=[is].coming|Ref=ISA_21:9!3|MId=o230210090031|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:230210090041;230210090061;|Type=qatal 5 רֶ֣כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.rider|Ref=ISA_21:9!4|MId=o230210090041|Strong=7393 6 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=ISA_21:9!5|MId=o230210090051|Strong=0376 7 צֶ֖מֶד צֶמֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=a.pair|Ref=ISA_21:9!6|MId=o230210090061|Strong=6776 8 פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.horses|Ref=ISA_21:9!7|MId=o230210090071|Strong=6571 9-10 וַיַּ֣עַן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:9!8|MId=o230210090081|Strong=2050b 10 יַּ֣עַן עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=he.answered|Ref=ISA_21:9!8|MId=o230210090082|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:230210080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 11-12 וַיֹּ֗אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:9!9|MId=o230210090091|Strong=2050b 12 יֹּ֗אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=ISA_21:9!9|MId=o230210090092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230210080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 נָפְלָ֤ה נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=it.has.fallen|Ref=ISA_21:9!10|MId=o230210090101|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230210090121;|Type=qatal 14 נָֽפְלָה֙ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.fallen|Ref=ISA_21:9!11|MId=o230210090111|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230210090121;|Type=qatal 15 בָּבֶ֔ל בָּבֶל PROPN _ _ 14 nsubj _ Gloss=Babylon|Ref=ISA_21:9!12|MId=o230210090121|Strong=0894 16-17 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_21:9!13|MId=o230210090131|Strong=2050b 17 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_21:9!13|MId=o230210090132|Strong=3605 18 פְּסִילֵ֥י פָּסִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.images|Ref=ISA_21:9!14|MId=o230210090141|Strong=6456 19-20 אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֱלֹהֶ֖י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.gods|Ref=ISA_21:9!15|MId=o230210090151|Strong=0430 20 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=her|Ref=ISA_21:9!15|MId=o230210090152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21 שִׁבַּ֥ר שָׁבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 conj _ Gloss=someone.has.broken|Ref=ISA_21:9!16|MId=o230210090161|Strong=7665|Frame=A1:230210090141;A0:230210060051;|Type=qatal 22-24 לָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_21:9!17|MId=o230210090171|Strong=3807a 23 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_21:9!17|MId=o230210090171ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_21:9!17|MId=o230210090172|Strong=0776 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=ISA_21:9!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָא *\[is\] coming* | qatal · qal | רֶכֶב *a rider* + צֶמֶד *a pair* | | | | | יַּעַן *he answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | נָפְלָה *it has fallen* | qatal · qal | בָּבֶל *Babylon* | | | | | נָֽפְלָה *it has fallen* | qatal · qal | בָּבֶל *Babylon* | | | | | שִׁבַּר *someone has broken* | qatal · piel | | פְּסִילֵי *the images* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְהָא דֵין אָתָא רְתַךְ אֱנַשׁ וְעִמֵיהּ זוֹג פָּרָשִׁין וְאָתִיב וַאֲמַר נְפַלַת וְאַף עֲתִידָא לְמִפַּל בָּבֶל וְכָל צַלְמֵי טַעֲוָתָהָא יְדַקְדְקוּן לְאַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.427/) 2. [And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.428/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:389`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 21:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.8/) - next →: [Isaiah 21:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.10/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/)