--- title: Isaiah 23:13 — Behold, the land of the Chaldeans — this is the people that was not,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, the land of the Chaldeans — this is the people that was not, when Asshur founded it for shipmen — they set up their towers, they overthrew the palaces thereof; it is made a ruin. Who acts: this, Asshur, shipmen. Isaiah 23:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/23/) / 23:13 # Isaiah 23:13 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** this, Asshur, shipmen · **What happens:** be, found, set up, overthrow, make · **To what, where:** people, land, towers, palaces This is Isaiah 23:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — this, Asshur, shipmen — and what happens in the verse to people, land, towers, palaces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ בַחוּנָ֗יו עֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃ [Behold, the land of the Chaldeans — this is the people that was not, when Asshur founded it for shipmen — they set up their towers, they overthrew the palaces thereof; it is made a ruin.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.481/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:435 # text = הֵ֣ן ׀ אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים זֶ֤ה הָעָם֙ לֹ֣א הָיָ֔ה אַשּׁ֖וּר יְסָדָ֣הּ לְצִיִּ֑ים הֵקִ֣ימוּ בַחוּנָ֗יו עֹרְרוּ֙ אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שָׂמָ֖הּ לְמַפֵּלָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.23.13 1 הֵ֣ן הֵן INTJ _ _ 3 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=ISA_23:13!1|MId=o230230130011|Strong=2005|Type=demonstrative 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=ISA_23:13!1 3 אֶ֣רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=ISA_23:13!2|MId=o230230130021|Strong=0776 4 כַּשְׂדִּ֗ים כַּשְׂדִּים PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].Chaldeans|Ref=ISA_23:13!3|MId=o230230130031|Strong=3778 5 זֶ֤ה זֶה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=ISA_23:13!4|MId=o230230130041|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 6-7 הָעָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=ISA_23:13!5|MId=o230230130051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 עָם֙ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=people|Ref=ISA_23:13!5|MId=o230230130052|Strong=5971 8 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=[which].not|Ref=ISA_23:13!6|MId=o230230130061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 9 הָיָ֔ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 acl _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=ISA_23:13!7|MId=o230230130071|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230230130052;|Type=qatal 10 אַשּׁ֖וּר אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Assyria|Ref=ISA_23:13!8|MId=o230230130081|Strong=0804 11-12 יְסָדָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 יְסָד יָסַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_23:13!9|MId=o230230130091|Strong=3245|Frame=A0:230230130081;A1:230230130092;|Type=qatal 12 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ Gloss=allocated.it|Ref=ISA_23:13!9|MId=o230230130092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 13-14 לְצִיִּ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_23:13!10|MId=o230230130101|Strong=3807a 14 צִיִּ֑ים צִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 obl _ Gloss=desert-dwellers|Ref=ISA_23:13!10|MId=o230230130102|Strong=6728a 15 הֵקִ֣ימוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.raised.up|Ref=ISA_23:13!11|MId=o230230130111|Strong=6965|Frame=AA:230230130081;A0:230230130131;|Type=qatal 16-17 בַחוּנָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בַחוּנָ֗י בַחוּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=siege-towers|Ref=ISA_23:13!13|MId=o230230130131|Strong=0971a 17 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_23:13!13|MId=o230230130132|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18 עֹרְרוּ֙ עָרַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=POEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=they.laid.bare|Ref=ISA_23:13!14|MId=o230230130141|Strong=6209|Frame=A0:230230130081;A1:230230130151;|Type=qatal 19-20 אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔י אַרְמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 18 obj _ Gloss=palaces|Ref=ISA_23:13!15|MId=o230230130151|Strong=0759 20 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_23:13!15|MId=o230230130152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 21-22 שָׂמָ֖הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 שָׂמ שׂים VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_23:13!16|MId=o230230130161|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:230230130081;A1:230230130162;|Type=qatal 22 ָ֖הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=made.it|Ref=ISA_23:13!16|MId=o230230130162|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23-24 לְמַפֵּלָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=ISA_23:13!17|MId=o230230130171|Strong=3807a 24 מַפֵּלָֽה מַפֵּלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 21 obl _ Gloss=ruin|Ref=ISA_23:13!17|MId=o230230130172|Strong=4654 25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 24 punct _ Ref=ISA_23:13!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** הָיָה *it was* | qatal · qal | עָם *people* | | | | | יְסָד *it* | qatal · qal | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | ָהּ *allocated it* | | | | הֵקִימוּ *they raised up* | qatal · hiphil | בַחוּנָי *siege-towers* | | | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | | עֹרְרוּ *they laid bare* | qatal · poel | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | אַרְמְנוֹתֶי *palaces* | | | | שָׂמ *it* | qatal · qal | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | ָהּ *made it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא אַרְעָא כַּסְדָאֵי דֵין עַמָא כַּד לָא הֲוָה אַתּוּרָאָה שַׁכְלְלָהּ לְנַגְוַן אֲקִימוּ חֶזְוָתָהָא פַּגְרוּ בִרְנְיָתָהָא שַׁוְיוּהָא לִדְמְחַמְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, the land of the Chaldeans — this is the people that was not, when Asshur founded it for shipmen — they set up their towers, they overthrew the palaces thereof; it is made a ruin.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.481/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:435`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 23:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.12/) - next →: [Isaiah 23:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.14/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/23/)