--- title: Isaiah 24:16 — From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs: 'Glory to… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs: 'Glory to the righteous.' But I say: I waste away, I waste away, woe is me! The treacherous deal treacherously; yea, the treacherous deal very treacherously. Who acts: we, I, woe, treacherous. Isaiah 24:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/) / 24:16 # Isaiah 24:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** we, I, woe, treacherous · **What happens:** hear, say, waste away, be, deal · **To what, where:** songs, uttermost part, me · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 24:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, I, woe, treacherous — and what happens in the verse to songs, uttermost part, me, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִכְּנַ֨ף הָאָ֜רֶץ זְמִרֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ צְבִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֔יק וָאֹמַ֛ר רָזִי־לִ֥י רָֽזִי־לִ֖י א֣וֹי לִ֑י בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ וּבֶ֥גֶד בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ׃ [From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs: 'Glory to the righteous.' But I say: I waste away, I waste away, woe is me!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.502/) [The treacherous deal treacherously; yea, the treacherous deal very treacherously.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.503/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:456 # text = מִכְּנַ֨ף הָאָ֜רֶץ זְמִרֹ֤ת שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ צְבִ֣י לַצַּדִּ֔יק וָאֹמַ֛ר רָזִי־לִ֥י רָֽזִי־לִ֖י א֣וֹי לִ֑י בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ וּבֶ֥גֶד בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ׃ # verse = ISA.24.16 1-2 מִכְּנַ֨ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_24:16!1|MId=o230240160011|Strong=4480 2 כְּנַ֨ף כָּנָף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.extremity|Ref=ISA_24:16!1|MId=o230240160012|Strong=3671 3-4 הָאָ֜רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_24:16!2|MId=o230240160021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֜רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=ISA_24:16!2|MId=o230240160022|Strong=0776 5 זְמִרֹ֤ת זָמִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=songs|Ref=ISA_24:16!3|MId=o230240160031|Strong=2158 6 שָׁמַ֙עְנוּ֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.have.heard|Ref=ISA_24:16!4|MId=o230240160041|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230200020061;230240150111;A1:230240160031;|Type=qatal 7 צְבִ֣י צְבִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=splendor|Ref=ISA_24:16!5|MId=o230240160051|Strong=6643 8-10 לַצַּדִּ֔יק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_24:16!6|MId=o230240160061|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the.righteous|Ref=ISA_24:16!6|MId=o230240160061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 צַּדִּ֔יק צַדִּיק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=[one]|Ref=ISA_24:16!6|MId=o230240160062|Strong=6662|Type=adjective 11-12 וָאֹמַ֛ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:16!7|MId=o230240160071|Strong=2050b 12 אֹמַ֛ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 6 conj _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=ISA_24:16!7|MId=o230240160072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230200020061;|Type=wayyiqtol 13 רָזִי־ רָזִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=leanness|Ref=ISA_24:16!8|MId=o230240160081|Strong=7334|SpaceAfter=No 14-15 לִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_24:16!9|MId=o230240160091|Strong=3807a 15 ִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 ccomp _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_24:16!9|MId=o230240160092|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 רָֽזִי־ רָזִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=leanness|Ref=ISA_24:16!10|MId=o230240160101|Strong=7334|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 לִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_24:16!11|MId=o230240160111|Strong=3807a 18 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 parataxis _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_24:16!11|MId=o230240160112|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 א֣וֹי אוֹי INTJ _ _ 21 nsubj _ Gloss=woe!|Ref=ISA_24:16!12|MId=o230240160121|Strong=0188|Type=interjection 20-21 לִ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_24:16!13|MId=o230240160131|Strong=3807a 21 ִ֑י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 parataxis _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_24:16!13|MId=o230240160132|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 22 בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ Gloss=[those.who].act.treacherously|Ref=ISA_24:16!14|MId=o230240160141|Strong=0898|Type=participle_active 23 בָּגָ֔דוּ בָּגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 parataxis _ Gloss=they.act.treacherously|Ref=ISA_24:16!15|MId=o230240160151|Strong=0898|Frame=A0:230240160141;|Type=qatal 24-25 וּבֶ֥גֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:16!16|MId=o230240160161|Strong=2050b 25 בֶ֥גֶד בֶּגֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obj _ Gloss=treachery|Ref=ISA_24:16!16|MId=o230240160162|Strong=0898a 26 בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ Gloss=[those.who].act.treacherously|Ref=ISA_24:16!17|MId=o230240160171|Strong=0898|Type=participle_active 27 בָּגָֽדוּ בָּגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 15 conj _ Gloss=they.act.treacherously|Ref=ISA_24:16!18|MId=o230240160181|Strong=0898|Frame=A0:230240160171;A1:230240160162;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:16!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמַעְנוּ *we have heard* | qatal · qal | | זְמִרֹת *songs* | | | | אֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָּגָדוּ *they act treacherously* | qatal · qal | בֹּגְדִים *\[those who\] act treacherously* | | | | | בָּגָֽדוּ *they act treacherously* | qatal · qal | בּוֹגְדִים *\[those who\] act treacherously* | בֶגֶד *treachery* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מִבֵּית מַקְדְשָׁא דְמִתַּמָן עֲתִיד לְמִפַּק חֶדְוָא לְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא תּוּשְׁבְּחָא שְׁמַעְנָא לְצַדִיקַיָא אָמַר נְבִיָא רָב אֲגַר לְצַדִיקַיָא לְרַשִׁיעַיָא אִתְגְלֵי לִי וַי לַאֲנוּסַיָא דְמִתְאַנְסִין וּלְבִזוּז בָּזְזִין דְהָא מִתְבָּזִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [From the uttermost part of the earth have we heard songs: 'Glory to the righteous.' But I say: I waste away, I waste away, woe is me!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.502/) 2. [The treacherous deal treacherously; yea, the treacherous deal very treacherously.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.503/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:456`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 24:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 24:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/)