--- title: Isaiah 24:18 — And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the terror shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the trap; for the windows on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth do shake; Who acts: trap, vintage, foundations, terro --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/) / 24:18 # Isaiah 24:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** trap, vintage, foundations, terror · **What happens:** come, pass, flee, fall, come up, take · **To what, where:** noise, pit, midst, vintage, trap, windows This is Isaiah 24:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — trap, vintage, foundations, terror — and what happens in the verse to noise, pit, midst, vintage, trap, windows, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְֽ֠הָיָה הַנָּ֞ס מִקּ֤וֹל הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת מִמָּרוֹם֙ נִפְתָּ֔חוּ וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ [And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the terror shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the trap; for the windows on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth do shake;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.505/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:458 # text = וְֽ֠הָיָה הַנָּ֞ס מִקּ֤וֹל הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת מִמָּרוֹם֙ נִפְתָּ֔חוּ וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = ISA.24.18 1-2 וְֽ֠הָיָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְֽ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:18!1|MId=o230240180011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_24:18!1|MId=o230240180012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3-4 הַנָּ֞ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 4 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_24:18!2|MId=o230240180021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 נָּ֞ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=who].flees|Ref=ISA_24:18!2|MId=o230240180022|Strong=5127|Type=participle_active 5-6 מִקּ֤וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_24:18!3|MId=o230240180031|Strong=4480 6 קּ֤וֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=the.sound|Ref=ISA_24:18!3|MId=o230240180032|Strong=6963 7-8 הַפַּ֙חַד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_24:18!4|MId=o230240180041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 פַּ֙חַד֙ פַּחַד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.dread|Ref=ISA_24:18!4|MId=o230240180042|Strong=6343 9 יִפֹּ֣ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.fall|Ref=ISA_24:18!5|MId=o230240180051|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230240180022;|Type=yiqtol 10 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=ISA_24:18!6|MId=o230240180061|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 הַפַּ֔חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_24:18!7|MId=o230240180071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 פַּ֔חַת פַּחַת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=pit|Ref=ISA_24:18!7|MId=o230240180072|Strong=6354 13-15 וְהָֽעוֹלֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:18!8|MId=o230240180081|Strong=2050b 14 הָֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_24:18!8|MId=o230240180082|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 עוֹלֶה֙ עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=who].goes.up|Ref=ISA_24:18!8|MId=o230240180083|Strong=5927|Type=participle_active 16-17 מִתּ֣וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_24:18!9|MId=o230240180091|Strong=4480 17 תּ֣וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=the.midst|Ref=ISA_24:18!9|MId=o230240180092|Strong=8432 18-19 הַפַּ֔חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_24:18!10|MId=o230240180101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 פַּ֔חַת פַּחַת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.pit|Ref=ISA_24:18!10|MId=o230240180102|Strong=6354 20 יִלָּכֵ֖ד לָכַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.be.caught|Ref=ISA_24:18!11|MId=o230240180111|Strong=3920|Frame=A1:230240180083;|Type=yiqtol 21-23 בַּפָּ֑ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_24:18!12|MId=o230240180121|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_24:18!12|MId=o230240180121ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 פָּ֑ח פַּח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=snare|Ref=ISA_24:18!12|MId=o230240180122|Strong=6341 24 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 28 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_24:18!13|MId=o230240180131|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 25 אֲרֻבּ֤וֹת אֲרֻבָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ Gloss=windows|Ref=ISA_24:18!14|MId=o230240180141|Strong=0699 26-27 מִמָּרוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_24:18!15|MId=o230240180151|Strong=4480 27 מָּרוֹם֙ מָרוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Gloss=a.high.place|Ref=ISA_24:18!15|MId=o230240180152|Strong=4791 28 נִפְתָּ֔חוּ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.been.opened|Ref=ISA_24:18!16|MId=o230240180161|Strong=6605|Frame=A1:230240180141;|Type=qatal 29-30 וַֽיִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:18!17|MId=o230240180171|Strong=2050b 30 יִּרְעֲשׁ֖וּ רָעַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.shaken|Ref=ISA_24:18!17|MId=o230240180172|Strong=7493|Frame=A0:230240180181;|Type=wayyiqtol 31 מ֥וֹסְדֵי מֹוסָד NOUN _ Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].foundations|Ref=ISA_24:18!18|MId=o230240180181|Strong=4144 32 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 31 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:18!19|MId=o230240180191|Strong=0776|SpaceAfter=No 33 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 32 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:18!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִפֹּל *he will fall* | yiqtol · qal | נָּס *who\] flees* | | | | | יִלָּכֵד *he will be caught* | yiqtol · niphal | | עוֹלֶה *who\] goes up* | | | | נִפְתָּחוּ *they have been opened* | qatal · niphal | | אֲרֻבּוֹת *windows* | | | | יִּרְעֲשׁוּ *they have shaken* | wayyiqtol · qal | מוֹסְדֵי *\[the\] foundations* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי דְיֶעֱרוֹק מִן קֳדָם דַחֲלָא יִפּוֹל לְגוֹ כּוּמְצָא וְדִיַסֵק מִגוֹ כּוּמְצָא יִתְאַחַד בִּסְרִיגְתָּא אֲרֵי גְבוּרָן בִּשְׁמַיָא אִתְעֲבִידָא וְזָעוּ יְסוֹדֵי אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass, that he who fleeth from the noise of the terror shall fall into the pit; and he that cometh up out of the midst of the pit shall be taken in the trap; for the windows on high are opened, and the foundations of the earth do shake;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.505/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:458`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 24:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 24:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/)