--- title: Isaiah 24:19 — The earth is broken, broken down, the earth is crumbled in pieces, t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The earth is broken, broken down, the earth is crumbled in pieces, the earth trembleth and tottereth; Who acts: earth. Isaiah 24:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/) / 24:19 # Isaiah 24:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** earth · **What happens:** break, break down, crumble, tremble, totter · **To what, where:** earth, pieces This is Isaiah 24:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth — and what happens in the verse to earth, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רֹ֥עָה הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ פּ֤וֹר הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ מ֥וֹט הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה אָֽרֶץ׃ [The earth is broken, broken down, the earth is crumbled in pieces, the earth trembleth and tottereth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.506/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:459 # text = רֹ֥עָה הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ פּ֤וֹר הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ מ֥וֹט הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה אָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = ISA.24.19 1 רֹ֥עָה רעה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 obl:npmod _ Gloss=utterly.(break)|Ref=ISA_24:19!1|MId=o230240190011|Strong=7489a|Type=infinitive_absolute 2 הִֽתְרֹעֲעָ֖ה רָעַע VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.been.broken|Ref=ISA_24:19!2|MId=o230240190021|Strong=7489a|Frame=A1:230240190032;|Type=qatal 3-4 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_24:19!3|MId=o230240190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=ISA_24:19!3|MId=o230240190032|Strong=0776 5 פּ֤וֹר פָּרַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 6 obl:npmod _ Gloss=utterly.(split)|Ref=ISA_24:19!4|MId=o230240190041|Strong=6565a|Type=infinitive_absolute 6 הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה֙ פָּרַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.been.split.through|Ref=ISA_24:19!5|MId=o230240190051|Strong=6565a|Frame=A1:230240190061;|Type=qatal 7 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:19!6|MId=o230240190061|Strong=0776 8 מ֥וֹט מוֹט VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 9 obl:npmod _ Gloss=utterly.(shake)|Ref=ISA_24:19!7|MId=o230240190071|Strong=4131|Type=infinitive_absolute 9 הִֽתְמוֹטְטָ֖ה מוֹט VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.been.shaken|Ref=ISA_24:19!8|MId=o230240190081|Strong=4131|Frame=A1:230240190091;|Type=qatal 10 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:19!9|MId=o230240190091|Strong=0776|SpaceAfter=No 11 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 10 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:19!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִֽתְרֹעֲעָה *it has been broken* | qatal · hithpolel | | אָרֶץ *earth* | | | | הִֽתְפּוֹרְרָה *it has been split through* | qatal · hithpolel | | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | הִֽתְמוֹטְטָה *it has been shaken* | qatal · hithpolel | | אָֽרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַזָע תְּזוּעַ אַרְעָא מֵנָד תָּנוּד אַרְעָא פְּרוֹק תִּתְפְּרַק אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The earth is broken, broken down, the earth is crumbled in pieces, the earth trembleth and tottereth;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.506/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:459`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 24:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 24:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.20/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/)