--- title: Isaiah 24:20 — The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and fro as a lodge; and the transgression thereof is heavy upon it, and it shall fall, and not rise again. Who acts: earth, transgression. Isaiah 24:20 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/) / 24:20 # Isaiah 24:20 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** earth, transgression · **What happens:** reel, sway, be, fall, not rise This is Isaiah 24:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — earth, transgression — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֙רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא־תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם׃ס [The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and fro as a lodge; and the transgression thereof is heavy upon it, and it shall fall, and not rise again.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.507/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:460 # text = נ֣וֹעַ תָּנ֤וּעַ אֶ֙רֶץ֙ כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה וְכָבַ֤ד עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ וְנָפְלָ֖ה וְלֹא־תֹסִ֥יף קֽוּם׃ס # verse = ISA.24.20 1 נ֣וֹעַ נוּעַ VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 obl:npmod _ Gloss=wildly.(stagger)|Ref=ISA_24:20!1|MId=o230240200011|Strong=5128|Type=infinitive_absolute 2 תָּנ֤וּעַ נוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.stagger|Ref=ISA_24:20!2|MId=o230240200021|Strong=5128|Frame=A0:230240200031;|Type=yiqtol 3 אֶ֙רֶץ֙ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:20!3|MId=o230240200031|Strong=0776 4-6 כַּשִּׁכּ֔וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_24:20!4|MId=o230240200041|Strong=3509a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_24:20!4|MId=o230240200041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שִּׁכּ֔וֹר שִׁכֹּור ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=drunkard|Ref=ISA_24:20!4|MId=o230240200042|Strong=7910|Type=adjective 7-8 וְהִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:20!5|MId=o230240200051|Strong=2050b 8 הִֽתְנוֹדְדָ֖ה נוּד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.sway|Ref=ISA_24:20!5|MId=o230240200052|Strong=5110|Frame=A0:230240200031;|Type=weqatal 9-11 כַּמְּלוּנָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_24:20!6|MId=o230240200061|Strong=3509a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_24:20!6|MId=o230240200061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מְּלוּנָ֑ה מְלוּנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=hut|Ref=ISA_24:20!6|MId=o230240200062|Strong=4412 12-13 וְכָבַ֤ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:20!7|MId=o230240200071|Strong=2050b 13 כָבַ֤ד כָּבֵד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.heavy|Ref=ISA_24:20!7|MId=o230240200072|Strong=3513|Frame=A0:230240200091;|Type=weqatal 14-15 עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 עָלֶ֙י עַל ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_24:20!8|MId=o230240200081|Strong=5921 15 הָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_24:20!8|MId=o230240200082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16-17 פִּשְׁעָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 פִּשְׁע פֶּשַׁע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=transgression|Ref=ISA_24:20!9|MId=o230240200091|Strong=6588 17 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_24:20!9|MId=o230240200092|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְנָפְלָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:20!10|MId=o230240200101|Strong=2050b 19 נָפְלָ֖ה נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.fall|Ref=ISA_24:20!10|MId=o230240200102|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230240200031;|Type=weqatal 20-21 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:20!11|MId=o230240200111|Strong=2050b 21 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 22 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_24:20!11|MId=o230240200112|Strong=3808|Type=negative 22 תֹסִ֥יף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.repeat|Ref=ISA_24:20!12|MId=o230240200121|Strong=3254|Frame=AA:230240200031;A0:230240200131;|Type=yiqtol 23 קֽוּם קוּם VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 22 obj _ Gloss=to.rise|Ref=ISA_24:20!13|MId=o230240200131|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:230240200031;|Type=infinitive_construct|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:20!13|SpaceAfter=No 25 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:20!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּנוּעַ *it will stagger* | yiqtol · qal | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | | הִֽתְנוֹדְדָה *it will sway* | weqatal · hithpolel | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | | כָבַד *it will be heavy* | weqatal · qal | פִּשְׁע *transgression* | | | | | נָפְלָה *it will fall* | weqatal · qal | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | | **not** תֹסִיף *it will repeat* | yiqtol · hiphil | קֽוּם *to rise* | | | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | קֽוּם *to rise* | infinitive construct · qal | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִשְׁתְּדָאָה תִּשְׁתְּדֵי אַרְעָא כְּרַוְיָא וּתְהֵי אַזְלָא וְאַתְיָא כְּעַרְסְלָא וְיִתְקְפוּן עֲלָהּ חוֹבָהָא וְתִפּוֹל וְלָא תוֹסִיף לְמֵקָם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The earth reeleth to and fro like a drunken man, and swayeth to and fro as a lodge; and the transgression thereof is heavy upon it, and it shall fall, and not rise again.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.507/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:460`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 24:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.19/) - next →: [Isaiah 24:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.21/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/)