--- title: Isaiah 24:6 — Therefore hath a curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell there… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore hath a curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are found guilty; therefore the inhabitants of the earth waste away, and men are left few. Who acts: curse, inhabitants. Isaiah 24:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/) / 24:6 # Isaiah 24:6 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** curse, inhabitants · **What happens:** devour, dwell, find, waste away, leave · **To what, where:** earth, people, men This is Isaiah 24:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — curse, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to earth, people, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃ [Therefore hath a curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are found guilty; therefore the inhabitants of the earth waste away, and men are left few.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.492/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:446 # text = עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃ # verse = ISA.24.6 1 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ISA_24:6!1|MId=o230240060011|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 2 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_24:6!2|MId=o230240060021|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 3 אָלָה֙ אָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=a.curse|Ref=ISA_24:6!3|MId=o230240060031|Strong=0423 4 אָ֣כְלָה אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.consumed|Ref=ISA_24:6!4|MId=o230240060041|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:230240060031;A1:230240060051;|Type=qatal 5 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:6!5|MId=o230240060051|Strong=0776 6-7 וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:6!6|MId=o230240060061|Strong=2050b 7 יֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ אָשַׁם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.been.held.guilty|Ref=ISA_24:6!6|MId=o230240060062|Strong=0816|Frame=A0:230240060071;|Type=wayyiqtol 8 יֹ֣שְׁבֵי יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].inhabitants|Ref=ISA_24:6!7|MId=o230240060071|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 9-10 בָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 ב בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_24:6!8|MId=o230240060081|Strong=0871a 10 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_24:6!8|MId=o230240060082|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ISA_24:6!9|MId=o230240060091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_24:6!10|MId=o230240060101|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 13 חָרוּ֙ חרה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.diminished|Ref=ISA_24:6!11|MId=o230240060111|Strong=2734|Frame=A0:230240060121;|Type=qatal 14 יֹ֣שְׁבֵי יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].inhabitants|Ref=ISA_24:6!12|MId=o230240060121|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 15 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].earth|Ref=ISA_24:6!13|MId=o230240060131|Strong=0776 16-17 וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_24:6!14|MId=o230240060141|Strong=2050b 17 נִשְׁאַ֥ר שָׁאַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.be.left|Ref=ISA_24:6!14|MId=o230240060142|Strong=7604|Frame=A1:230240060151;|Type=qatal 18 אֱנ֖וֹשׁ אֱנוֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=humankind|Ref=ISA_24:6!15|MId=o230240060151|Strong=0582 19 מִזְעָֽר מִזְעָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fewness|Ref=ISA_24:6!16|MId=o230240060161|Strong=4213|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=ISA_24:6!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָכְלָה *it has consumed* | qatal · qal | אָלָה *a curse* | אֶרֶץ *\[the\] earth* | | | | יֶּאְשְׁמוּ *they have been held guilty* | wayyiqtol · qal | יֹשְׁבֵי *\[the\] inhabitants* | | | | | חָרוּ *they have diminished* | qatal · qal | יֹשְׁבֵי *\[the\] inhabitants* | | | | | נִשְׁאַר *it will be left* | qatal · niphal | | אֱנוֹשׁ *humankind* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} עַל כֵּן מִן קֳדָם מוֹמֵי דִשְׁקַר חֲרוֹבַת אַרְעָא וּצְדִיאוּ דְיָתְבִין בָּהּ עַל כֵּן סָפוּ יָתְבֵי אַרְעָא וְאִשְׁתְּאַר אֱנָשָׁא כִּזְעֵיר: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore hath a curse devoured the earth, and they that dwell therein are found guilty; therefore the inhabitants of the earth waste away, and men are left few.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.492/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:446`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 24:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.5/) - next →: [Isaiah 24:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.24.7/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 24](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/24/)