--- title: Isaiah 25:4 — For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the nee… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall. Who acts: Thou, blast, city. Isaiah 25:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.25.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/25/) / 25:4 # Isaiah 25:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Thou, blast, city · **What happens:** be, distress, blast · **To what, where:** stronghold, terrible ones This is Isaiah 25:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Thou, blast, city — and what happens in the verse to stronghold, terrible ones, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּֽי־הָיִ֨יתָ מָע֥וֹז לַדָּ֛ל מָע֥וֹז לָאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּצַּר־ל֑וֹ מַחְסֶ֤ה מִזֶּ֙רֶם֙ צֵ֣ל מֵחֹ֔רֶב כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ עָרִיצִ֖ים כְּזֶ֥רֶם קִֽיר׃ [For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.514/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:467 # text = כִּֽי־הָיִ֨יתָ מָע֥וֹז לַדָּ֛ל מָע֥וֹז לָאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּצַּר־ל֑וֹ מַחְסֶ֤ה מִזֶּ֙רֶם֙ צֵ֣ל מֵחֹ֔רֶב כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ עָרִיצִ֖ים כְּזֶ֥רֶם קִֽיר׃ # verse = ISA.25.4 1 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_25:4!1|MId=o230250040011|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 2 הָיִ֨יתָ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 3 cop _ Gloss=you.have.been|Ref=ISA_25:4!2|MId=o230250040021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230250010011;|Type=qatal 3 מָע֥וֹז מָעוֹז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=a.refuge|Ref=ISA_25:4!3|MId=o230250040031|Strong=4581 4-6 לַדָּ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_25:4!4|MId=o230250040041|Strong=3807a 5 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the.poor|Ref=ISA_25:4!4|MId=o230250040041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 דָּ֛ל דַּל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=[person]|Ref=ISA_25:4!4|MId=o230250040042|Strong=1800|Type=adjective 7 מָע֥וֹז מָעוֹז NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=a.refuge|Ref=ISA_25:4!5|MId=o230250040051|Strong=4581 8-10 לָאֶבְי֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_25:4!6|MId=o230250040061|Strong=3807a 9 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=the.needy|Ref=ISA_25:4!6|MId=o230250040061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אֶבְי֖וֹן אֶבְיוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=[person]|Ref=ISA_25:4!6|MId=o230250040062|Strong=0034|Type=adjective 11-13 בַּצַּר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_25:4!7|MId=o230250040071|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_25:4!7|MId=o230250040071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 צַּר־ צַר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=distress|Ref=ISA_25:4!7|MId=o230250040072|Strong=6862|Type=adjective 14-15 ל֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_25:4!8|MId=o230250040081|Strong=3807a 15 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_25:4!8|MId=o230250040082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 16 מַחְסֶ֤ה מַחְסֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=a.shelter|Ref=ISA_25:4!9|MId=o230250040091|Strong=4268 17-18 מִזֶּ֙רֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_25:4!10|MId=o230250040101|Strong=4480 18 זֶּ֙רֶם֙ זֶרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=rainstorm|Ref=ISA_25:4!10|MId=o230250040102|Strong=2230 19 צֵ֣ל צֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=a.shade|Ref=ISA_25:4!11|MId=o230250040111|Strong=6738 20-21 מֵחֹ֔רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_25:4!12|MId=o230250040121|Strong=4480 21 חֹ֔רֶב חֹרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=heat|Ref=ISA_25:4!12|MId=o230250040122|Strong=2721 22 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_25:4!13|MId=o230250040131|Strong=3588 23 ר֥וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].breath|Ref=ISA_25:4!14|MId=o230250040141|Strong=7307 24 עָרִיצִ֖ים עָרִיץ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.ruthless.[people]|Ref=ISA_25:4!15|MId=o230250040151|Strong=6184|Type=adjective 25-26 כְּזֶ֥רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[is].like|Ref=ISA_25:4!16|MId=o230250040161|Strong=3509a 26 זֶ֥רֶם זֶרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 advcl _ Gloss=a.rainstorm|Ref=ISA_25:4!16|MId=o230250040162|Strong=2230 27 קִֽיר קִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.wall|Ref=ISA_25:4!17|MId=o230250040171|Strong=7023|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=ISA_25:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיִיתָ *you have been* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי הֲוֵיתָא תְקוֹף לְמִסְכַּן סְעֵיד לַחֲשִׁיךְ בְּעִדַן עָקָא כְּמָא דְמִטַמְרָן מִן קֳדָם זַרְמִית כִּטְלַל מִשְׁרָב כֵּן מִלֵי רַשִׁיעַיָא לְצַדִיקַיָא כְּזַרְמִית בְּשָׁקְפָא בְּכוֹתֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.514/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:467`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 25:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.25.3/) - next →: [Isaiah 25:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.25.5/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/25/)