--- title: Isaiah 26:18 — We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were br… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life. Who acts: We, inhabitants. Isaiah 26:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/26/) / 26:18 # Isaiah 26:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** We, inhabitants · **What happens:** be, bring forth, not work, come · **To what, where:** pain, wind, deliverance, land, life This is Isaiah 26:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — We, inhabitants — and what happens in the verse to pain, wind, deliverance, land, life, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ [We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.540/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:493 # text = הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ # verse = ISA.26.18 1 הָרִ֣ינוּ הָרָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=we.were.pregnant|Ref=ISA_26:18!1|MId=o230260180011|Strong=2029|Frame=A0:230200020061;230260150023;|Type=qatal 2 חַ֔לְנוּ חיל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=we.were.in.labor|Ref=ISA_26:18!2|MId=o230260180021|Strong=2342a|Frame=A0:230200020061;230260150023;|Type=qatal 3 כְּמ֖וֹ כְּמוֹ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_26:18!3|MId=o230260180031|Strong=3644 4 יָלַ֣דְנוּ יָלַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=we.gave.birth.to|Ref=ISA_26:18!4|MId=o230260180041|Strong=3205|Frame=A0:230200020061;230260150023;A1:230260180051;|Type=qatal 5 ר֑וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=wind|Ref=ISA_26:18!5|MId=o230260180051|Strong=7307 6 יְשׁוּעֹת֙ יְשׁוּעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 obj _ Gloss=deliverance(s)|Ref=ISA_26:18!6|MId=o230260180061|Strong=3444 7 בַּל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 8 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_26:18!7|MId=o230260180071|Strong=1077|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 8 נַ֣עֲשֶׂה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=we.accomplish|Ref=ISA_26:18!8|MId=o230260180081|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230200020061;230260150023;A1:230260180061;|Type=yiqtol 9 אֶ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=[the].earth|Ref=ISA_26:18!9|MId=o230260180091|Strong=0776 10-11 וּבַֽל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_26:18!10|MId=o230260180101|Strong=2050b 11 בַֽל־ בַּל ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_26:18!10|MId=o230260180102|Strong=1077|Type=negative 12 יִפְּל֖וּ נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.fall|Ref=ISA_26:18!11|MId=o230260180111|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230260180121;|Type=yiqtol 13 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=ISA_26:18!12|MId=o230260180121|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 14 תֵבֵֽל תֵּבֵל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].world|Ref=ISA_26:18!13|MId=o230260180131|Strong=8398|SpaceAfter=No 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=ISA_26:18!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָרִינוּ *we were pregnant* | qatal · qal | | | | | | חַלְנוּ *we were in labor* | qatal · qal | | | | | | יָלַדְנוּ *we gave birth to* | qatal · qal | | רוּחַ *wind* | | | | **not** נַעֲשֶׂה *we accomplish* | yiqtol · qal | | יְשׁוּעֹת *deliverance(s)* | | | | **not** יִפְּלוּ *they fall* | yiqtol · qal | יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲחַדְתָּנָא עָקָא כִּמְעַדְיָא דִמְטָת עִדָן מֵילְדָהּ קַלִיל כְּרוּחָא פּוּרְקַן לָא אַיְתִיאוּ אַרְעָא לָא עֲבַדוּ אַף פְּרִישָׁן לָא יָכְלִין לְמֶעְבַּד דְדָיְרִין בְּתֵבֵל: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.540/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:493`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 26:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 26:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/26/)