--- title: Isaiah 28:16 — Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a found… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste. Who acts: Lord GOD, I, GOD. Isaiah 28:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / 28:16 # Isaiah 28:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Lord GOD, I, GOD · **What happens:** say, lay, try, believe, not make · **To what, where:** stone, Zion, haste · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 28:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord GOD, I, GOD — and what happens in the verse to stone, Zion, haste, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃ [Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.576/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:525 # text = לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃ # verse = ISA.28.16 1-2 לָכֵ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ISA_28:16!1|MId=o230280160011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_28:16!1|MId=o230280160012|Strong=3651 3 כֹּ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ISA_28:16!2|MId=o230280160021|Strong=3541 4 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ISA_28:16!3|MId=o230280160031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230280160041;|Type=qatal 5-6 אֲדֹנָ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=ISA_28:16!4|MId=o230280160041|Strong=0136 6 ָ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=ISA_28:16!4|MId=o230280160042|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7 יְהוִ֔ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 5 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_28:16!5|MId=o230280160051|Strong=3069 8-9 הִנְנִ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=ISA_28:16!6|MId=o230280160061|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 9 ְנִ֛י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 8 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_28:16!6|MId=o230280160062|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 10 יִסַּ֥ד יָסַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 ccomp _ Gloss=he.has.laid|Ref=ISA_28:16!7|MId=o230280160071|Strong=3245|Frame=A0:230280160062;A1:230280160091;|Type=qatal 11-12 בְּצִיּ֖וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_28:16!8|MId=o230280160081|Strong=0871a 12 צִיּ֖וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Zion|Ref=ISA_28:16!8|MId=o230280160082|Strong=6726 13 אָ֑בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=a.stone|Ref=ISA_28:16!9|MId=o230280160091|Strong=0068 14 אֶ֣בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=a.stone|Ref=ISA_28:16!10|MId=o230280160101|Strong=0068 15 בֹּ֜חַן בֹּחַן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.testing|Ref=ISA_28:16!11|MId=o230280160111|Strong=0976 16 פִּנַּ֤ת פִּנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=a.corner|Ref=ISA_28:16!12|MId=o230280160121|Strong=6438 17 יִקְרַת֙ יִקְרָה ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 amod _ Gloss=of.preciousness|Ref=ISA_28:16!13|MId=o230280160131|Strong=3368 18 מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=of.a.foundation|Ref=ISA_28:16!14|MId=o230280160141|Strong=4143 19 מוּסָּ֔ד יָסַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing 18 nmod _ Gloss=founded|Ref=ISA_28:16!15|MId=o230280160151|Strong=3245|Frame=A1:230280160141;|Type=participle_passive 20-21 הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_28:16!16|MId=o230280160161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מַּאֲמִ֖ין אָמַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=who].trusts|Ref=ISA_28:16!16|MId=o230280160162|Strong=0539|Type=participle_active 22 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_28:16!17|MId=o230280160171|Strong=3808|Type=negative 23 יָחִֽישׁ חוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.make.haste|Ref=ISA_28:16!18|MId=o230280160181|Strong=2363a|Frame=A0:230280160162;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_28:16!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *Lord* | | | | | יִסַּד *he has laid* | qatal · piel | ְנִי *I* | אָבֶן *a stone* | | | | מוּסָּד *founded* | participle passive · hophal | | מוּסָד *of a foundation* | | | | **not** יָחִֽישׁ *he will make haste* | yiqtol · hiphil | מַּאֲמִין *who\] trusts* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים הָא אֲנָא מְמַנֵי בְצִיוֹן מֶלֶךְ מֶלֶךְ תַּקִיף גִיבַּר וְאֵימְתָן אַתְקְפִינֵהּ וְאַחְסְנִינֵהּ אֲמַר נְבִיָא וְצַדִיקַיָא דְהֵימָנוּ בְאִלֵין בְּמֵיתֵי עָקָא לָא יִזְדַעְזְעוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.576/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:525`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/)