--- title: Isaiah 28:18 — And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement with the nether-world shall not stand; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it, Who acts: agreement, scouring scourge, scourge, your. Isaiah 28:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / 28:18 # Isaiah 28:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** agreement, scouring scourge, scourge, your · **What happens:** disannull, not stand, pass through, tread down, covenant, agree · **To what, where:** covenant, ye This is Isaiah 28:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — agreement, scouring scourge, scourge, your — and what happens in the verse to covenant, ye, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃ [And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement with the nether-world shall not stand; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.578/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:527 # text = וְכֻפַּ֤ר בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם אֶת־שְׁא֖וֹל לֹ֣א תָק֑וּם שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹטֵף֙ כִּ֣י יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר וִהְיִ֥יתֶם ל֖וֹ לְמִרְמָֽס׃ # verse = ISA.28.18 1-2 וְכֻפַּ֤ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_28:18!1|MId=o230280180011|Strong=2050b 2 כֻפַּ֤ר כִּפֶּר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.annulled|Ref=ISA_28:18!1|MId=o230280180012|Strong=3722|Frame=A1:230280180021;|Type=weqatal 3-4 בְּרִֽיתְכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּרִֽית בְּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=covenant|Ref=ISA_28:18!2|MId=o230280180021|Strong=1285 4 ְכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_28:18!2|MId=o230280180022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_28:18!3|MId=o230280180031|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 6 מָ֔וֶת מָוֶת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ Gloss=death|Ref=ISA_28:18!4|MId=o230280180041|Strong=4194 7-9 וְחָזוּתְכֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_28:18!5|MId=o230280180051|Strong=2050b 8 חָזוּת חָזוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=agreement|Ref=ISA_28:18!5|MId=o230280180052|Strong=2380 9 ְכֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_28:18!5|MId=o230280180053|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_28:18!6|MId=o230280180061|Strong=0854|SpaceAfter=No 11 שְׁא֖וֹל שְׁאוֹל PROPN _ _ 8 nmod _ Gloss=Sheol|Ref=ISA_28:18!7|MId=o230280180071|Strong=7585 12 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_28:18!8|MId=o230280180081|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 תָק֑וּם קוּם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.stand|Ref=ISA_28:18!9|MId=o230280180091|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:230280180052;|Type=yiqtol 14 שׁ֤וֹט שׁוֹט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 dislocated _ Gloss=a.scourge|Ref=ISA_28:18!10|MId=o230280180101|Strong=7752 15 שׁוֹטֵף֙ שָׁטַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 14 nmod _ Gloss=overflowing|Ref=ISA_28:18!11|MId=o230280180111|Strong=7857|Frame=A0:230280180101;|Type=participle_active 16 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_28:18!12|MId=o230280180121|Strong=3588 17 יַֽעֲבֹ֔ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 23 advcl _ Gloss=it.will.pass.by|Ref=ISA_28:18!13|MId=o230280180131|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:230280180101;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 וִהְיִ֥יתֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_28:18!14|MId=o230280180141|Strong=2050b 19 הְיִ֥יתֶם הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 23 cop _ Gloss=you.will.become|Ref=ISA_28:18!14|MId=o230280180142|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230280140082;|Type=weqatal 20-21 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 ל לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ISA_28:18!15|MId=o230280180151|Strong=3807a 21 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_28:18!15|MId=o230280180152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 22-23 לְמִרְמָֽס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=ISA_28:18!16|MId=o230280180161|Strong=3807a 23 מִרְמָֽס מִרְמָס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=trampling.place|Ref=ISA_28:18!16|MId=o230280180162|Strong=4823 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_28:18!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | כֻפַּר *it will be annulled* | weqatal · pual | | בְּרִֽית *covenant* | | | | **not** תָקוּם *it will stand* | yiqtol · qal | חָזוּת *agreement* | | | | | שׁוֹטֵף *overflowing* | participle active · qal | שׁוֹט *a scourge* | | | | | יַֽעֲבֹר *it will pass by* | yiqtol · qal | שׁוֹט *a scourge* | | | | | הְיִיתֶם *you will become* | weqatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיבַטֵל קִיָמְכוֹן דְעִם קָטוֹלָא וּשְׁלָמְכוֹן דְעִם מְחַבְּלָא לָא יִתְקַיָם מְחַת סָנְאָה אֲרֵי תֵיתֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן כְּנַחַל מַגְבַּר וּתְחוֹן לְהוֹן לְדָיִשׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And your covenant with death shall be disannulled and your agreement with the nether-world shall not stand; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.578/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:527`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/)