--- title: Isaiah 28:2 — Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence. Who acts: Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail. Isaiah 28:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 19 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / 28:2 # Isaiah 28:2 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail · **What happens:** have, overflow, cast down, storm · **To what, where:** mighty one, earth This is Isaiah 28:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail — and what happens in the verse to mighty one, earth, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃ [Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.560/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:511 # text = הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃ # verse = ISA.28.2 1 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 6 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=ISA_28:2!1|MId=o230280020011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 חָזָ֤ק חָזָק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=a.mighty.[one]|Ref=ISA_28:2!2|MId=o230280020021|Strong=2389|Type=adjective 3-4 וְאַמִּץ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_28:2!3|MId=o230280020031|Strong=2050b 4 אַמִּץ֙ אַמִּיץ ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=a.strong.[one]|Ref=ISA_28:2!3|MId=o230280020032|Strong=0533|Type=adjective 5-7 לַֽאדֹנָ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_28:2!4|MId=o230280020041|Strong=3807a 6 אדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[the]|Ref=ISA_28:2!4|MId=o230280020042|Strong=0136 7 ָ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=ISA_28:2!4|MId=o230280020043|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-9 כְּזֶ֥רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_28:2!5|MId=o230280020051|Strong=3509a 9 זֶ֥רֶם זֶרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=a.storm|Ref=ISA_28:2!5|MId=o230280020052|Strong=2230 10 בָּרָ֖ד בָּרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hail|Ref=ISA_28:2!6|MId=o230280020061|Strong=1259 11 שַׂ֣עַר שַׂעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=a.tempest|Ref=ISA_28:2!7|MId=o230280020071|Strong=8178a 12 קָ֑טֶב קֶטֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.destruction|Ref=ISA_28:2!8|MId=o230280020081|Strong=6986 13-14 כְּ֠זֶרֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְּ֠ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_28:2!9|MId=o230280020091|Strong=3509a 14 זֶרֶם זֶרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=a.storm|Ref=ISA_28:2!9|MId=o230280020092|Strong=2230 15 מַ֣יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.waters|Ref=ISA_28:2!10|MId=o230280020101|Strong=4325 16 כַּבִּירִ֥ים כַּבִּיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ Gloss=mighty|Ref=ISA_28:2!11|MId=o230280020111|Strong=3524|Type=adjective 17 שֹׁטְפִ֛ים שָׁטַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 nmod _ Gloss=overflowing|Ref=ISA_28:2!12|MId=o230280020121|Strong=7857|Frame=A0:230280020101;|Type=participle_active 18 הִנִּ֥יחַ נוח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.thrust.[it].down|Ref=ISA_28:2!13|MId=o230280020131|Strong=5117|Frame=AA:230280020042;A0:230280010021;|Type=qatal 19-21 לָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_28:2!14|MId=o230280020141|Strong=3807a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_28:2!14|MId=o230280020141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=ground|Ref=ISA_28:2!14|MId=o230280020142|Strong=0776 22-23 בְּיָֽד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_28:2!15|MId=o230280020151|Strong=0871a 23 יָֽד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=a.hand|Ref=ISA_28:2!15|MId=o230280020152|Strong=3027 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_28:2!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שֹׁטְפִים *overflowing* | participle active · qal | מַיִם *of waters* | | | | | הִנִּיחַ *he will thrust \[it\] down* | qatal · hiphil | | | | אדֹנ *\[the\]* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא מָחָן תַּקִיפָן וַחֲסִינָן אַתְיָן מִן קֳדָם יְיָ כְּזַרְמִית בָּרָד כְּעַלְעוּל רוּחַ כְּזַרְמִית מַיָין תַּקִיפִין שָׁטְפִין כֵּן יֵתוּן עֲלֵיהוֹן עַמְמַיָא וְיִגְלוּנוּן מֵאַרְעֲהוֹן לְאַרְעָא אוֹחֲרִי בְּחוֹבַיָא דִי בִידֵהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.560/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:511`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.1/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.3/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/)