--- title: Isaiah 28:4 — And the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be as the first-ripe fig before the summer, which when one looketh upon it, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up. Who acts: glorious beauty, fading flower, one, flower. Isaiah 28:4 in Hebrew with its d --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / 28:4 # Isaiah 28:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** glorious beauty, fading flower, one, flower, Ephraim · **What happens:** fade, be, look, eat up · **To what, where:** head, hand, summer This is Isaiah 28:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — glorious beauty, fading flower, one, flower, Ephraim — and what happens in the verse to head, hand, summer, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה צִיצַ֤ת נֹבֵל֙ צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ גֵּ֣יא שְׁמָנִ֑ים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙בְּטֶ֣רֶם קַ֔יִץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְאֶ֤ה הָֽרֹאֶה֙ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ בְּכַפּ֖וֹ יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ס [And the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be as the first-ripe fig before the summer, which when one looketh upon it, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.562/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:513 # text = וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה צִיצַ֤ת נֹבֵל֙ צְבִ֣י תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹ֖אשׁ גֵּ֣יא שְׁמָנִ֑ים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙בְּטֶ֣רֶם קַ֔יִץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִרְאֶ֤ה הָֽרֹאֶה֙ אוֹתָ֔הּ בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ בְּכַפּ֖וֹ יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה׃ס # verse = ISA.28.4 1-2 וְֽהָ֨יְתָ֜ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_28:4!1|MId=o230280040011|Strong=2050b 2 הָ֨יְתָ֜ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_28:4!1|MId=o230280040012|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230280040021;|Type=weqatal 3 צִיצַ֤ת צִיצָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ Gloss=a.flower|Ref=ISA_28:4!2|MId=o230280040021|Strong=6733 4 נֹבֵל֙ נָבֵל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).[which].withers|Ref=ISA_28:4!3|MId=o230280040031|Strong=5034|Type=participle_active 5 צְבִ֣י צְבִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 appos _ Gloss=the.beauty|Ref=ISA_28:4!4|MId=o230280040041|Strong=6643 6-7 תִפְאַרְתּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 תִפְאַרְתּ תִּפְאֶרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.splendor|Ref=ISA_28:4!5|MId=o230280040051|Strong=8597 7 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_28:4!5|MId=o230280040052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_28:4!6|MId=o230280040061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[is].on|Ref=ISA_28:4!7|MId=o230280040071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 רֹ֖אשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[the].head|Ref=ISA_28:4!8|MId=o230280040081|Strong=7218 11 גֵּ֣יא גַּיְא NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.valley|Ref=ISA_28:4!9|MId=o230280040091|Strong=1516 12 שְׁמָנִ֑ים שֶׁמֶן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fatness(es)|Ref=ISA_28:4!10|MId=o230280040101|Strong=8081 13-16 כְּבִכּוּרָהּ֙בְּטֶ֣רֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_28:4!11|MId=o230280040111|Strong=3509a 14 בִכּוּרָהּ֙ בִּכּוּרָה NOUN _ Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=an.early.fig|Ref=ISA_28:4!11|MId=o230280040112|Strong=1063 15 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_28:4!12|MId=o230280040121|Strong=0871a 16 טֶ֣רֶם טֶרֶם ADV _ _ 14 nmod _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_28:4!12|MId=o230280040122|Strong=2962 17 קַ֔יִץ קַיִץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nmod _ Gloss=summer|Ref=ISA_28:4!13|MId=o230280040131|Strong=7019 18 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_28:4!14|MId=o230280040141|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19 יִרְאֶ֤ה רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 30 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.see|Ref=ISA_28:4!15|MId=o230280040151|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:230280040162;A1:230280040112;|Type=yiqtol 20-21 הָֽרֹאֶה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ISA_28:4!16|MId=o230280040161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 רֹאֶה֙ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=who].sees|Ref=ISA_28:4!16|MId=o230280040162|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:230280040172;|Type=participle_active 22-23 אוֹתָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_28:4!17|MId=o230280040171|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 23 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_28:4!17|MId=o230280040172|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 24-26 בְּעוֹדָ֥הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=while|Ref=ISA_28:4!18|MId=o230280040181|Strong=0871a 25 עוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 28 advmod _ Gloss=still|Ref=ISA_28:4!18|MId=o230280040182|Strong=5750 26 ָ֥הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_28:4!18|MId=o230280040183|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 27-29 בְּכַפּ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=ISA_28:4!19|MId=o230280040191|Strong=0871a 28 כַפּ כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=palm|Ref=ISA_28:4!19|MId=o230280040192|Strong=3709 29 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_28:4!19|MId=o230280040193|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 30-31 יִבְלָעֶֽנָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 יִבְלָע בָּלַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 parataxis _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_28:4!20|MId=o230280040201|Strong=1104|Frame=A0:230280040162;A1:230280040202;|Type=yiqtol 31 ֶֽנָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=will.swallow.it|Ref=ISA_28:4!20|MId=o230280040202|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 32 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=ISA_28:4!20|SpaceAfter=No 33 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 31 punct _ Ref=ISA_28:4!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיְתָה *it will be* | weqatal · qal | צִיצַת *a flower* | | | | | יִרְאֶה *he will see* | yiqtol · qal | רֹאֶה *who\] sees* | בִכּוּרָהּ *an early fig* | | | | רֹאֶה *who\] sees* | participle active · qal | | ָהּ *it* | | | | יִבְלָע *he* | yiqtol · qal | רֹאֶה *who\] sees* | ֶֽנָּה *will swallow it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי דְיָהִיב מִצְנַפְתָּא לְרַשִׁיעַיָא דְבֵית מַקְדְשָׁא תּוּשְׁבַּחְתֵּהּ דִי עַל רֵישׁ חֵילָא שְׁמֵינָא כְּבִכּוּרָא עַד לָא קַיְטָא דְאִם יֶחֱזֵי דְחָזֵי יָתָהּ כְּאִלוּ הִיא בִּידֵהּ יְבַלְעִינָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be as the first-ripe fig before the summer, which when one looketh upon it, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.562/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:513`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.3/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.5/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/)