--- title: Isaiah 3:15 — What mean ye that ye crush My people, and grind the face of the poor… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: What mean ye that ye crush My people, and grind the face of the poor?' saith the Lord, the GOD of hosts. Who acts: ye, Lord. Isaiah 3:15 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/) / 3:15 # Isaiah 3:15 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ye, Lord · **What happens:** mean, crush, grind, say · **To what, where:** people, face · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 3:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, Lord — and what happens in the verse to people, face, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מַה־לָּכֶם֙תְּדַכְּא֣וּ עַמִּ֔י וּפְנֵ֥י עֲנִיִּ֖ים תִּטְחָ֑נוּ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ס [What mean ye that ye crush My people, and grind the face of the poor?' saith the Lord, the GOD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.71/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:67 # text = מַה־לָּכֶם֙תְּדַכְּא֣וּ עַמִּ֔י וּפְנֵ֥י עֲנִיִּ֖ים תִּטְחָ֑נוּ נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ס # verse = ISA.3.15 1 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=ISA_3:15!2|MId=o230030150021|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative|SpaceAfter=No 2-4 לָּכֶם֙תְּדַכְּא֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לּ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=[is].to|Ref=ISA_3:15!3|MId=o230030150031|Strong=3807a 3 ָכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_3:15!3|MId=o230030150032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 4 תְּדַכְּא֣וּ דָּכָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 parataxis _ Gloss=you.crush|Ref=ISA_3:15!4|MId=o230030150041|Strong=1792|Frame=A0:230030140051;230030140072;A1:230030150051;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 עַמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=ISA_3:15!5|MId=o230030150051|Strong=5971 6 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_3:15!5|MId=o230030150052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 7-8 וּפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=ISA_3:15!6|MId=o230030150061|Strong=2050b 8 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obj _ Gloss=faces|Ref=ISA_3:15!6|MId=o230030150062|Strong=6440 9 עֲנִיִּ֖ים עָנִי ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.poor.[people]|Ref=ISA_3:15!7|MId=o230030150071|Strong=6041|Type=adjective 10 תִּטְחָ֑נוּ טָחַן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 3 conj _ Gloss=you.grind|Ref=ISA_3:15!8|MId=o230030150081|Strong=2912|Frame=A0:230030140051;230030140072;A1:230030150062;|Type=yiqtol 11 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=ISA_3:15!9|MId=o230030150091|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 12-13 אֲדֹנָ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 אֲדֹנ אֲדֹנָי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Lord|Ref=ISA_3:15!10|MId=o230030150101|Strong=0136 13 ָ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=of.[the]|Ref=ISA_3:15!10|MId=o230030150102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 14 יְהוִ֖ה יְהֹוִה PROPN _ _ 12 appos _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_3:15!11|MId=o230030150111|Strong=3069 15 צְבָאֽוֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_3:15!12|MId=o230030150121|Strong=6635|SpaceAfter=No 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=ISA_3:15!12|SpaceAfter=No 17 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=ISA_3:15!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּדַכְּאוּ *you crush* | yiqtol · piel | | עַמּ *people* | | | | תִּטְחָנוּ *you grind* | yiqtol · qal | | פְנֵי *faces* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַה לְכוֹן דְאַתּוּן מְמַסְכְּנִין יַת עַמִי וְאַפֵּי חֲשִׁיכַיָא מְבַלִין אַתּוּן וּמַיְתִין בְּדִינֵיהוֹן אֲמַר יְיָ אֱלֹהִים צְבָאוֹת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [What mean ye that ye crush My people, and grind the face of the poor?' saith the Lord, the GOD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.71/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:67`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 3:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.14/) - next →: [Isaiah 3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.16/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/)