--- title: Isaiah 3:24 — And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall be rottenness; and instead of a girdle rags; and instead of curled hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; branding instead of beauty. Who acts: mantle, rottenness. Isaiah 3:24 in Hebrew with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/) / 3:24 # Isaiah 3:24 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** mantle, rottenness · **What happens:** come, pass, be, curl, brand This is Isaiah 3:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mantle, rottenness — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי׃ [And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall be rottenness; and instead of a girdle rags; and instead of curled hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; branding instead of beauty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.80/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:76 # text = וְהָיָה֩ תַ֨חַת בֹּ֜שֶׂם מַ֣ק יִֽהְיֶ֗ה וְתַ֨חַת חֲגוֹרָ֤ה נִקְפָּה֙ וְתַ֨חַת מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מִקְשֶׁה֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְתַ֥חַת פְּתִיגִ֖יל מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת שָׂ֑ק כִּי־תַ֖חַת יֹֽפִי׃ # verse = ISA.3.24 1-2 וְהָיָה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_3:24!1|MId=o230030240011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָה֩ הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_3:24!1|MId=o230030240012|Strong=1961|Type=weqatal 3 תַ֨חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 2 parataxis _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=ISA_3:24!2|MId=o230030240021|Strong=8478 4 בֹּ֜שֶׂם בֶּשֶׂם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=perfume|Ref=ISA_3:24!3|MId=o230030240031|Strong=1314 5 מַ֣ק מַק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=rottenness|Ref=ISA_3:24!4|MId=o230030240041|Strong=4716 6 יִֽהְיֶ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ISA_3:24!5|MId=o230030240051|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230030240041;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 וְתַ֨חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_3:24!6|MId=o230030240061|Strong=2050b 8 תַ֨חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=ISA_3:24!6|MId=o230030240062|Strong=8478 9 חֲגוֹרָ֤ה חֲגוֹרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.belt|Ref=ISA_3:24!7|MId=o230030240071|Strong=2290a 10 נִקְפָּה֙ נִקְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.rope|Ref=ISA_3:24!8|MId=o230030240081|Strong=5364 11-12 וְתַ֨חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_3:24!9|MId=o230030240091|Strong=2050b 12 תַ֨חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=ISA_3:24!9|MId=o230030240092|Strong=8478 13 מַעֲשֶׂ֤ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.work|Ref=ISA_3:24!10|MId=o230030240101|Strong=4639 14 מִקְשֶׁה֙ מִקְשֶׁה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=well-set.hair|Ref=ISA_3:24!11|MId=o230030240111|Strong=4748 15 קָרְחָ֔ה קׇרְחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=baldness|Ref=ISA_3:24!12|MId=o230030240121|Strong=7144 16-17 וְתַ֥חַת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_3:24!13|MId=o230030240131|Strong=2050b 17 תַ֥חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=ISA_3:24!13|MId=o230030240132|Strong=8478 18 פְּתִיגִ֖יל פְּתִיגִיל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.robe|Ref=ISA_3:24!14|MId=o230030240141|Strong=6614 19 מַחֲגֹ֣רֶת מַחֲגֹרֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=a.girding|Ref=ISA_3:24!15|MId=o230030240151|Strong=4228 20 שָׂ֑ק שַׂק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.sackcloth|Ref=ISA_3:24!16|MId=o230030240161|Strong=8242 21 כִּי־ כִּי NOUN _ _ 3 parataxis _ Gloss=branding|Ref=ISA_3:24!17|MId=o230030240171|Strong=3587|SpaceAfter=No 22 תַ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 21 obl _ Gloss=in.place.of|Ref=ISA_3:24!18|MId=o230030240181|Strong=8478 23 יֹֽפִי יֳפִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=beauty|Ref=ISA_3:24!19|MId=o230030240191|Strong=3308|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_3:24!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִֽהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | מַק *rottenness* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי אֲתַר דַהֲוָאָה יָהֲבַן בּוּסְמִין יִתְמְסֵי אֲתַר דַהֲוָאָה אָסְרָן פְּסִיקַיָא יְהֵי רוּשְׁמִין דִמְחָא וַחֲלַף אַקָפּוּת פָּתָא גִזוּז רֵישׁ וַחֲלַף דַהֲוָאָה מְהַלְכִין בְּגֵיוָה יַסְרָן סַקִין דָא פּוּרְעֲנוּתָא תִּתְעֲבֵיד מִנְהוֹן אֲרֵי טְעָאָה בְשׁוּפְרְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass, that instead of sweet spices there shall be rottenness; and instead of a girdle rags; and instead of curled hair baldness; and instead of a stomacher a girding of sackcloth; branding instead of beauty.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.80/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:76`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 3:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.23/) - next →: [Isaiah 3:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.25/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/)