--- title: Isaiah 3:9 — The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they de… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have wrought evil unto themselves. Who acts: show, people. Isaiah 3:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ever --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/) / 3:9 # Isaiah 3:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** show, people · **What happens:** witness, declare, not hide, show, wrought · **To what, where:** sin, countenance, evil This is Isaiah 3:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — show, people — and what happens in the verse to sin, countenance, evil, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַכָּרַ֤ת פְּנֵיהֶם֙ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם כִּסְדֹ֥ם הִגִּ֖ידוּ לֹ֣א כִחֵ֑דוּ א֣וֹי לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם כִּֽי־גָמְל֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ [The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.63/) [Woe unto their soul! for they have wrought evil unto themselves.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.64/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:61 # text = הַכָּרַ֤ת פְּנֵיהֶם֙ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם כִּסְדֹ֥ם הִגִּ֖ידוּ לֹ֣א כִחֵ֑דוּ א֣וֹי לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם כִּֽי־גָמְל֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.3.9 1 הַכָּרַ֤ת הַכָּרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.expression|Ref=ISA_3:9!1|MId=o230030090011|Strong=1971 2-3 פְּנֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.faces|Ref=ISA_3:9!2|MId=o230030090021|Strong=6440 3 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_3:9!2|MId=o230030090022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 עָ֣נְתָה עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.has.testified|Ref=ISA_3:9!3|MId=o230030090031|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:230030090011;|Type=qatal 5-6 בָּ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=ISA_3:9!4|MId=o230030090041|Strong=0871a 6 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ISA_3:9!4|MId=o230030090042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 7-9 וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_3:9!5|MId=o230030090051|Strong=2050b 8 חַטָּאת חַטָּאת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 obj _ Gloss=sin|Ref=ISA_3:9!5|MId=o230030090052|Strong=2403 9 ָ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_3:9!5|MId=o230030090053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 כִּסְדֹ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_3:9!6|MId=o230030090061|Strong=3509a 11 סְדֹ֥ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 12 obl _ Gloss=Sodom|Ref=ISA_3:9!6|MId=o230030090062|Strong=5467 12 הִגִּ֖ידוּ נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.have.declared|Ref=ISA_3:9!7|MId=o230030090071|Strong=5046|Frame=AA:230030080031;230030080042;A0:230030090052;|Type=qatal 13 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 14 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_3:9!8|MId=o230030090081|Strong=3808|Type=negative 14 כִחֵ֑דוּ כָּחַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.hidden.[it]|Ref=ISA_3:9!9|MId=o230030090091|Strong=3582|Frame=A0:230030080031;230030080042;A1:230030090052;|Type=qatal 15 א֣וֹי אוֹי INTJ _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=woe!|Ref=ISA_3:9!10|MId=o230030090101|Strong=0188|Type=interjection 16-18 לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_3:9!11|MId=o230030090111|Strong=3807a 17 נַפְשׁ נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=self|Ref=ISA_3:9!11|MId=o230030090112|Strong=5315 18 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_3:9!11|MId=o230030090113|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 19 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_3:9!12|MId=o230030090121|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 20 גָמְל֥וּ גָּמַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=they.have.done|Ref=ISA_3:9!13|MId=o230030090131|Strong=1580|Frame=A0:230030080031;230030080042;A1:230030090151;|Type=qatal 21-22 לָהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_3:9!14|MId=o230030090141|Strong=3807a 22 ָהֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=themselves|Ref=ISA_3:9!14|MId=o230030090142|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 23 רָעָֽה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 obj _ Gloss=harm|Ref=ISA_3:9!15|MId=o230030090151|Strong=7451b|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_3:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָנְתָה *it has testified* | qatal · qal | הַכָּרַת *the expression* | | | | | הִגִּידוּ *they have declared* | qatal · hiphil | חַטָּאת *sin* | | | | | **not** כִחֵדוּ *they have hidden \[it\]* | qatal · piel | | חַטָּאת *sin* | | | | גָמְלוּ *they have done* | qatal · qal | | רָעָֽה *harm* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אִשְׁתְּמוֹדָעוּת אַפֵּיהוֹן בְּדִינָא אַסְהֵיד בְּהוֹן וַחֲטָאֵיהוֹן כִּסְדוֹמָאֵי קָבְלִין וְלָא מָנְעִין וַי לְנַפְשֵׁיהוֹן אֲרֵי גְרַמוּ דְתֵיתֵי לְהוֹן בִּישָׁא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.63/) 2. [Woe unto their soul! for they have wrought evil unto themselves.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:61`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.8/) - next →: [Isaiah 3:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.10/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/3/)