--- title: Isaiah 31:3 — Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit; so when the LORD shall stretch out His hand, both he that helpeth shall stumble, and he that is helped shall fall, and they all shall perish together. Who acts: Egyptians, horses, LORD. Isaiah 31:3 in Hebrew with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/) / 31:3 # Isaiah 31:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Egyptians, horses, LORD · **What happens:** be, flesh, stretch out, help, stumble, fall · **To what, where:** men, hand This is Isaiah 31:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Egyptians, horses, LORD — and what happens in the verse to men, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִצְרַ֤יִם אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וְלֹא־ר֑וּחַ וַֽיהוָ֞ה יַטֶּ֣ה יָד֗וֹ וְכָשַׁ֤ל עוֹזֵר֙ וְנָפַ֣ל עָזֻ֔ר וְיַחְדָּ֖ו כֻּלָּ֥ם יִכְלָיֽוּן׃ס [Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit; so when the LORD shall stretch out His hand, both he that helpeth shall stumble, and he that is helped shall fall, and they all shall perish together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.654/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:598 # text = וּמִצְרַ֤יִם אָדָם֙ וְֽלֹא־אֵ֔ל וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם בָּשָׂ֖ר וְלֹא־ר֑וּחַ וַֽיהוָ֞ה יַטֶּ֣ה יָד֗וֹ וְכָשַׁ֤ל עוֹזֵר֙ וְנָפַ֣ל עָזֻ֔ר וְיַחְדָּ֖ו כֻּלָּ֥ם יִכְלָיֽוּן׃ס # verse = ISA.31.3 1-2 וּמִצְרַ֤יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!1|MId=o230310030011|Strong=2050b 2 מִצְרַ֤יִם מִצְרַיִם PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Egypt|Ref=ISA_31:3!1|MId=o230310030012|Strong=4714 3 אָדָם֙ אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].humankind|Ref=ISA_31:3!2|MId=o230310030021|Strong=0120 4-5 וְֽלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!3|MId=o230310030031|Strong=2050b 5 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:3!3|MId=o230310030032|Strong=3808|Type=negative 6 אֵ֔ל אֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=God|Ref=ISA_31:3!4|MId=o230310030041|Strong=0410 7-9 וְסוּסֵיהֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!5|MId=o230310030051|Strong=2050b 8 סוּסֵי סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=horses|Ref=ISA_31:3!5|MId=o230310030052|Strong=5483 9 הֶ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_31:3!5|MId=o230310030053|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10 בָּשָׂ֖ר בָּשָׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[are].flesh|Ref=ISA_31:3!6|MId=o230310030061|Strong=1320 11-12 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!7|MId=o230310030071|Strong=2050b 12 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 13 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:3!7|MId=o230310030072|Strong=3808|Type=negative 13 ר֑וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=spirit|Ref=ISA_31:3!8|MId=o230310030081|Strong=7307 14-15 וַֽיהוָ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!9|MId=o230310030091|Strong=2050b 15 יהוָ֞ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 16 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_31:3!9|MId=o230310030092|Strong=3068 16 יַטֶּ֣ה נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he.will.stretch.out|Ref=ISA_31:3!10|MId=o230310030101|Strong=5186|Frame=AA:230310030092;A0:230310030111;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 יָד֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=ISA_31:3!11|MId=o230310030111|Strong=3027 18 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ISA_31:3!11|MId=o230310030112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 וְכָשַׁ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!12|MId=o230310030121|Strong=2050b 20 כָשַׁ֤ל כָּשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 16 conj _ Gloss=he.will.stumble|Ref=ISA_31:3!12|MId=o230310030122|Strong=3782|Frame=A0:230310030131;|Type=weqatal 21 עוֹזֵר֙ עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=[the.one.who].helps|Ref=ISA_31:3!13|MId=o230310030131|Strong=5826|Frame=A0:230310030012;|Type=participle_active 22-23 וְנָפַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!14|MId=o230310030141|Strong=2050b 23 נָפַ֣ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 conj _ Gloss=he.will.fall|Ref=ISA_31:3!14|MId=o230310030142|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230310030151;|Type=weqatal 24 עָזֻ֔ר עָזַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ Gloss=[the.one.who.is].helped|Ref=ISA_31:3!15|MId=o230310030151|Strong=5826|Frame=A1:230310020161;|Type=participle_passive 25-26 וְיַחְדָּ֖ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:3!16|MId=o230310030161|Strong=2050b 26 יַחְדָּ֖ו יָחְדָּו ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=together|Ref=ISA_31:3!16|MId=o230310030162|Strong=3162a 27-28 כֻּלָּ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ Gloss=of.them|Ref=ISA_31:3!17|MId=o230310030171|Strong=3605 28 ָ֥ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_31:3!17|MId=o230310030172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 29-30 יִכְלָיֽוּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 יִכְלָיֽוּ כָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 20 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=ISA_31:3!18|MId=o230310030181|Strong=3615|Frame=A0:230310030172;|Type=yiqtol 30 ן נ X _ _ 29 nmod _ Gloss=will.come.to.an.end|Ref=ISA_31:3!18|MId=o230310030182|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:3!18|SpaceAfter=No 32 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:3!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַטֶּה *he will stretch out* | yiqtol · hiphil | יָד *hand* | | | יהוָה *Yahweh* | | כָשַׁל *he will stumble* | weqatal · qal | עוֹזֵר *\[the one who\] helps* | | | | | עוֹזֵר *\[the one who\] helps* | participle active · qal | מִצְרַיִם *Egypt* | | | | | נָפַל *he will fall* | weqatal · qal | עָזֻר *\[the one who is\] helped* | | | | | עָזֻר *\[the one who is\] helped* | participle passive · qal | | | | | | יִכְלָיֽוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | ָם *all* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמִצְרַיִם אֱנַשׁ וְלָא רָב וְסוּסְוָתְהוֹן בְּסַר וְלָא רוּחַ וַיָי יָרִים מְחַת גְבוּרְתֵּהּ וְיִתְקַל סָעִיד וְיִפּוֹל סָעִיד וְכַחֲדָא כּוּלְהוֹן יִשְׁתֵּיצוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now the Egyptians are men, and not God, and their horses flesh, and not spirit; so when the LORD shall stretch out His hand, both he that helpeth shall stumble, and he that is helped shall fall, and they all shall perish together.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.654/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:598`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 31:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.2/) - next →: [Isaiah 31:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.4/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/)