--- title: Isaiah 31:4 — For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and u --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/) / 31:4 # Isaiah 31:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, young lion, shepherds · **What happens:** say, growl, call, not dismay, abase, come down · **To what, where:** prey, multitude, voice, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 31:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, young lion, shepherds — and what happens in the verse to prey, multitude, voice, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֵלַ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָאַרְיֵ֨ה וְהַכְּפִ֜יר עַל־טַרְפּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקָּרֵ֤א עָלָיו֙ מְלֹ֣א רֹעִ֔ים מִקּוֹלָם֙ לֹ֣א יֵחָ֔ת וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה כֵּ֗ן יֵרֵד֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לִצְבֹּ֥א עַל־הַר־צִיּ֖וֹן וְעַל־גִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃ [For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.655/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:599 # text = כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֵלַ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָאַרְיֵ֨ה וְהַכְּפִ֜יר עַל־טַרְפּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקָּרֵ֤א עָלָיו֙ מְלֹ֣א רֹעִ֔ים מִקּוֹלָם֙ לֹ֣א יֵחָ֔ת וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה כֵּ֗ן יֵרֵד֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לִצְבֹּ֥א עַל־הַר־צִיּ֖וֹן וְעַל־גִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃ # verse = ISA.31.4 1 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_31:4!1|MId=o230310040011|Strong=3588 2 כֹ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ISA_31:4!2|MId=o230310040021|Strong=3541 3 אָֽמַר־ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.said|Ref=ISA_31:4!3|MId=o230310040031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230310040041;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_31:4!4|MId=o230310040041|Strong=3068 5 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 4 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:4!4 6-7 אֵלַ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_31:4!5|MId=o230310040051|Strong=0413 7 ַ֡י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ISA_31:4!5|MId=o230310040052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8-9 כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 37 dislocated _ Gloss=just|Ref=ISA_31:4!6|MId=o230310040061|Strong=3509a 9 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=as|Ref=ISA_31:4!6|MId=o230310040062|Strong=0834|Type=relative 10 יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָגָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 8 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.growls|Ref=ISA_31:4!7|MId=o230310040071|Strong=1897|Frame=A0:230310040082;230310040093;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 הָאַרְיֵ֨ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_31:4!8|MId=o230310040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 אַרְיֵ֨ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=lion|Ref=ISA_31:4!8|MId=o230310040082|Strong=0738a 13-15 וְהַכְּפִ֜יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:4!9|MId=o230310040091|Strong=2050b 14 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.young|Ref=ISA_31:4!9|MId=o230310040092|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 כְּפִ֜יר כְּפִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=lion|Ref=ISA_31:4!9|MId=o230310040093|Strong=3715 16 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=ISA_31:4!10|MId=o230310040101|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 17-18 טַרְפּ֗וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 טַרְפּ טֶרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=prey|Ref=ISA_31:4!11|MId=o230310040111|Strong=2964 18 ֗וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_31:4!11|MId=o230310040112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=ISA_31:4!12|MId=o230310040121|Strong=0834|Type=relative 20 יִקָּרֵ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 37 parataxis _ Gloss=it.is.summoned|Ref=ISA_31:4!13|MId=o230310040131|Strong=7121|Frame=A1:230310040151;|Type=yiqtol 21-22 עָלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_31:4!14|MId=o230310040141|Strong=5921 22 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_31:4!14|MId=o230310040142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23 מְלֹ֣א מְלֹא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=a.multitude|Ref=ISA_31:4!15|MId=o230310040151|Strong=4393 24 רֹעִ֔ים רָעָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.shepherds|Ref=ISA_31:4!16|MId=o230310040161|Strong=7473|Type=participle_active 25-27 מִקּוֹלָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_31:4!17|MId=o230310040171|Strong=4480 26 קּוֹל קוֹל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=voice|Ref=ISA_31:4!17|MId=o230310040172|Strong=6963 27 ָם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_31:4!17|MId=o230310040173|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 28 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 29 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:4!18|MId=o230310040181|Strong=3808|Type=negative 29 יֵחָ֔ת חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 20 ccomp _ Gloss=it.is.dismayed|Ref=ISA_31:4!19|MId=o230310040191|Strong=2865|Frame=A0:230310040082;230310040093;|Type=yiqtol 30-33 וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 35 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:4!20|MId=o230310040201|Strong=2050b 31 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_31:4!20|MId=o230310040202|Strong=4480 32 הֲמוֹנ הָמוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 obl _ Gloss=tumult|Ref=ISA_31:4!20|MId=o230310040203|Strong=1995 33 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_31:4!20|MId=o230310040204|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 35 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:4!21|MId=o230310040211|Strong=3808|Type=negative 35 יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 29 conj _ Gloss=it.cringes|Ref=ISA_31:4!22|MId=o230310040221|Strong=6031|Frame=A0:230310040082;230310040093;|Type=yiqtol 36 כֵּ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 37 advmod _ Gloss=so|Ref=ISA_31:4!23|MId=o230310040231|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 37 יֵרֵד֙ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=he.will.come.down|Ref=ISA_31:4!24|MId=o230310040241|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230310040251;|Type=yiqtol 38 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 37 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ISA_31:4!25|MId=o230310040251|Strong=3068 39 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 38 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_31:4!26|MId=o230310040261|Strong=6635 40-41 לִצְבֹּ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_31:4!27|MId=o230310040271|Strong=3807a 41 צְבֹּ֥א צָבָא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 37 advcl _ Gloss=go.to.war|Ref=ISA_31:4!27|MId=o230310040272|Strong=6633|Frame=A0:230310040251;|Type=infinitive_construct 42 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_31:4!28|MId=o230310040281|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 43 הַר־ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 41 obl _ Gloss=the.mountain|Ref=ISA_31:4!29|MId=o230310040291|Strong=2022|SpaceAfter=No 44 צִיּ֖וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Zion|Ref=ISA_31:4!30|MId=o230310040301|Strong=6726 45-46 וְעַל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 47 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:4!31|MId=o230310040311|Strong=2050b 46 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_31:4!31|MId=o230310040312|Strong=5921 47-48 גִּבְעָתָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 גִּבְעָת גִּבְעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 43 conj _ Gloss=hill|Ref=ISA_31:4!32|MId=o230310040321|Strong=1389 48 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_31:4!32|MId=o230310040322|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 49 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 48 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:4!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָֽמַר־ *he has said* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֶהְגֶּה *it growls* | yiqtol · qal | אַרְיֵה *lion* + כְּפִיר *lion* | | | | | יִקָּרֵא *it is summoned* | yiqtol · niphal | | מְלֹא *a multitude* | | | | **not** יֵחָת *it is dismayed* | yiqtol · niphal | אַרְיֵה *lion* + כְּפִיר *lion* | | | | | **not** יַֽעֲנֶה *it cringes* | yiqtol · qal | אַרְיֵה *lion* + כְּפִיר *lion* | | | | | יֵרֵד *he will come down* | yiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | צְבֹּא *go to war* | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי כִדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ לִי כְּמָא דְמַכְלֵי אַרְיָא בַּר אַרְיָוָן עַל צֵידֵיהּ דְמִזְדַמְנִין עֲלוֹהִי דִיר רַעֲיָן מִקָלְהוֹן לָא אִתְבַּר וּמֵאִתְרְגוּשְׁתְּהוֹן לָא מִזְדַעְזַע כֵּן תִּתְגְלֵי מַלְכוּתָא דַייָ צְבָאוֹת לְמִשְׁרֵי עַל טוּרָא דְצִיוֹן וְעַל רָמָתָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.655/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:599`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 31:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.3/) - next →: [Isaiah 31:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.5/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/)