--- title: Isaiah 31:8 — Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, no… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary. Who acts: Asshur, sword, young men. Isaiah 31:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/) / 31:8 # Isaiah 31:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Asshur, sword, young men · **What happens:** fall, devour, flee, become · **To what, where:** Asshur, sword This is Isaiah 31:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Asshur, sword, young men — and what happens in the verse to Asshur, sword, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָפַ֤ל אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶב לֹא־אִ֔ישׁ וְחֶ֥רֶב לֹֽא־אָדָ֖ם תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ וְנָ֥ס לוֹ֙ מִפְּנֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וּבַחוּרָ֖יו לָמַ֥ס יִהְיֽוּ׃ [Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.659/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:603 # text = וְנָפַ֤ל אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶב לֹא־אִ֔ישׁ וְחֶ֥רֶב לֹֽא־אָדָ֖ם תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ וְנָ֥ס לוֹ֙ מִפְּנֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וּבַחוּרָ֖יו לָמַ֥ס יִהְיֽוּ׃ # verse = ISA.31.8 1-2 וְנָפַ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:8!1|MId=o230310080011|Strong=2050b 2 נָפַ֤ל נָפַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.fall|Ref=ISA_31:8!1|MId=o230310080012|Strong=5307|Frame=A0:230310080021;|Type=weqatal 3 אַשּׁוּר֙ אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Assyria|Ref=ISA_31:8!2|MId=o230310080021|Strong=0804 4-5 בְּחֶ֣רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_31:8!3|MId=o230310080031|Strong=0871a 5 חֶ֣רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=ISA_31:8!3|MId=o230310080032|Strong=2719 6 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 7 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:8!4|MId=o230310080041|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 7 אִ֔ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl _ Gloss=a.human|Ref=ISA_31:8!5|MId=o230310080051|Strong=0376 8-9 וְחֶ֥רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:8!6|MId=o230310080061|Strong=2050b 9 חֶ֥רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=ISA_31:8!6|MId=o230310080062|Strong=2719 10 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_31:8!7|MId=o230310080071|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 11 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 acl _ Gloss=a.human|Ref=ISA_31:8!8|MId=o230310080081|Strong=0120 12-13 תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 תֹּֽאכֲל אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_31:8!9|MId=o230310080091|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:230310080062;A1:230310080092;|Type=yiqtol 13 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=will.consume.it|Ref=ISA_31:8!9|MId=o230310080092|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 14-15 וְנָ֥ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:8!10|MId=o230310080101|Strong=2050b 15 נָ֥ס נוּס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.flee|Ref=ISA_31:8!10|MId=o230310080102|Strong=5127|Frame=A0:230310080021;|Type=weqatal 16-17 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 ל לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=(for|Ref=ISA_31:8!11|MId=o230310080111|Strong=3807a 17 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ Gloss=itself|Ref=ISA_31:8!11|MId=o230310080112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 18-19 מִפְּנֵי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_31:8!12|MId=o230310080121|Strong=4480 19 פְּנֵי־ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_31:8!12|MId=o230310080122|Strong=6440 20 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=ISA_31:8!13|MId=o230310080131|Strong=2719 21-23 וּבַחוּרָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:8!14|MId=o230310080141|Strong=2050b 22 בַחוּרָ֖י בָּחוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ Gloss=its.young|Ref=ISA_31:8!14|MId=o230310080142|Strong=0970 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ Gloss=men|Ref=ISA_31:8!14|MId=o230310080143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24-25 לָמַ֥ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(into).forced|Ref=ISA_31:8!15|MId=o230310080151|Strong=3807a 25 מַ֥ס מַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=labor|Ref=ISA_31:8!15|MId=o230310080152|Strong=4522 26 יִהְיֽוּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 25 cop _ Gloss=they.will.become|Ref=ISA_31:8!16|MId=o230310080161|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230310080142;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:8!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָפַל *it will fall* | weqatal · qal | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | | | | | תֹּֽאכֲל *it* | yiqtol · qal | חֶרֶב *a sword* | ֶנּוּ *will consume it* | | | | נָס *it will flee* | weqatal · qal | אַשּׁוּר *Assyria* | | | | | יִהְיֽוּ *they will become* | yiqtol · qal | בַחוּרָי *its young* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיִפּוֹל אַתּוּרָאָה בְּחֶרֶב לָא אֱנַשׁ וְחֶרֶב לָא אֱנשׁ תְּשֵׁיצִינֵהּ וְיֶעְרוֹק לֵיהּ כְּמִן קֳדָם דְקַטְלִין בְּחַרְבָּא וְגִבְרוֹהִי לִתְּבַר יְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.659/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:603`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 31:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 31:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/)