--- title: Isaiah 31:9 — And his rock shall pass away by reason of terror, and his princes sh… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And his rock shall pass away by reason of terror, and his princes shall be dismayed at the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and His furnace in Jerusalem. Who acts: rock, LORD, fire, Zion. Isaiah 31:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/) / 31:9 # Isaiah 31:9 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** rock, LORD, fire, Zion · **What happens:** pass away, dismay, say, be, fire · **To what, where:** princes, ensign, Zion · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 31:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — rock, LORD, fire, Zion — and what happens in the verse to princes, ensign, Zion, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְסַלְעוֹ֙ מִמָּג֣וֹר יַֽעֲב֔וֹר וְחַתּ֥וּ מִנֵּ֖ס שָׂרָ֑יו נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־א֥וּר לוֹ֙ בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וְתַנּ֥וּר ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס [And his rock shall pass away by reason of terror, and his princes shall be dismayed at the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and His furnace in Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.660/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:604 # text = וְסַלְעוֹ֙ מִמָּג֣וֹר יַֽעֲב֔וֹר וְחַתּ֥וּ מִנֵּ֖ס שָׂרָ֑יו נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁר־א֥וּר לוֹ֙ בְּצִיּ֔וֹן וְתַנּ֥וּר ל֖וֹ בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס # verse = ISA.31.9 1-3 וְסַלְעוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:9!1|MId=o230310090011|Strong=2050b 2 סַלְע סֶלַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=rock|Ref=ISA_31:9!1|MId=o230310090012|Strong=5553 3 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_31:9!1|MId=o230310090013|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 4-5 מִמָּג֣וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_31:9!2|MId=o230310090021|Strong=4480 5 מָּג֣וֹר מָגוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=terror|Ref=ISA_31:9!2|MId=o230310090022|Strong=4032 6 יַֽעֲב֔וֹר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.pass.away|Ref=ISA_31:9!3|MId=o230310090031|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:230310090012;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 וְחַתּ֥וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:9!4|MId=o230310090041|Strong=2050b 8 חַתּ֥וּ חָתַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.dismayed|Ref=ISA_31:9!4|MId=o230310090042|Strong=2865|Frame=A0:230310090061;|Type=weqatal 9-10 מִנֵּ֖ס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_31:9!5|MId=o230310090051|Strong=4480 10 נֵּ֖ס נֵס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=a.standard|Ref=ISA_31:9!5|MId=o230310090052|Strong=5251 11-12 שָׂרָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 שָׂרָ֑י שַׂר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=commanders|Ref=ISA_31:9!6|MId=o230310090061|Strong=8269 12 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_31:9!6|MId=o230310090062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=ISA_31:9!7|MId=o230310090071|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 14 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_31:9!8|MId=o230310090081|Strong=3068 15 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 20 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ISA_31:9!9|MId=o230310090091|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 16 א֥וּר אוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=ISA_31:9!10|MId=o230310090101|Strong=0217 17-18 לוֹ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 ל לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_31:9!11|MId=o230310090111|Strong=3807a 18 וֹ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_31:9!11|MId=o230310090112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 19-20 בְּצִיּ֔וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_31:9!12|MId=o230310090121|Strong=0871a 20 צִיּ֔וֹן צִיּוֹן PROPN _ _ 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Zion|Ref=ISA_31:9!12|MId=o230310090122|Strong=6726 21-22 וְתַנּ֥וּר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_31:9!13|MId=o230310090131|Strong=2050b 22 תַנּ֥וּר תַּנּוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=an.oven|Ref=ISA_31:9!13|MId=o230310090132|Strong=8574 23-24 ל֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 ל לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=[belongs].to|Ref=ISA_31:9!14|MId=o230310090141|Strong=3807a 24 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nmod _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_31:9!14|MId=o230310090142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_31:9!15|MId=o230310090151|Strong=0871a 26 ירוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 20 conj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=ISA_31:9!15|MId=o230310090152|Strong=3389 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:9!15|SpaceAfter=No 28 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ISA_31:9!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַֽעֲבוֹר *it will pass away* | yiqtol · qal | סַלְע *rock* | | | | | חַתּוּ *they will be dismayed* | weqatal · qal | שָׂרָי *commanders* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְשִׁלְטוֹנוֹהִי מִן קֳדָם דַחֲלָא יֶעְדוּן וִיתַּבְרוּן מִן קֳדָם נִיסָא רַבְרְבוֹהִי אֲמַר יְיָ דְזֵיהוֹר לֵיהּ בְּצִיוֹן לְעָבְדֵי אוֹרַיְתָא וְתַנוּר בָּעֵיר לֵיהּ דְאֶשָׁא בִירוּשְׁלֵם לִדְעֲבָרוּ עַל מֵימְרֵהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And his rock shall pass away by reason of terror, and his princes shall be dismayed at the ensign, saith the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, and His furnace in Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.660/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:604`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 31:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.8/) - next →: [Isaiah 32:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.32.1/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/)