--- title: Isaiah 34:10 — It shall not be quenched night nor day, the smoke thereof shall go u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: It shall not be quenched night nor day, the smoke thereof shall go up for ever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste: none shall pass through it for ever and ever. Who acts: smoke, land, none. Isaiah 34:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/34/) / 34:10 # Isaiah 34:10 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** smoke, land, none · **What happens:** not quench, go up, lie, pass · **To what, where:** land, waste, generation This is Isaiah 34:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — smoke, land, none — and what happens in the verse to land, waste, generation, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃ [It shall not be quenched night nor day, the smoke thereof shall go up for ever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste: none shall pass through it for ever and ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.717/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:658 # text = לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃ # verse = ISA.34.10 1 לַ֤יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 advmod _ Gloss=night|Ref=ISA_34:10!1|MId=o230340100011|Strong=3915 2-3 וְיוֹמָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_34:10!2|MId=o230340100021|Strong=2050b 3 יוֹמָם֙ יוֹמָם ADV _ _ 1 advmod _ Gloss=by.day|Ref=ISA_34:10!2|MId=o230340100022|Strong=3119 4 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 5 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_34:10!3|MId=o230340100031|Strong=3808|Type=negative 5 תִכְבֶּ֔ה כָּבָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be.extinguished|Ref=ISA_34:10!4|MId=o230340100041|Strong=3518|Frame=A0:230340090082;|Type=yiqtol 6-7 לְעוֹלָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=forever|Ref=ISA_34:10!5|MId=o230340100051|Strong=3807a 7 עוֹלָ֖ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=of.perpetuity|Ref=ISA_34:10!5|MId=o230340100052|Strong=5769 8 יַעֲלֶ֣ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.go.up|Ref=ISA_34:10!6|MId=o230340100061|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:230340100071;|Type=yiqtol 9-10 עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 עֲשָׁנ עָשָׁן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=smoke|Ref=ISA_34:10!7|MId=o230340100071|Strong=6227 10 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ISA_34:10!7|MId=o230340100072|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 11-12 מִדּ֤וֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_34:10!8|MId=o230340100081|Strong=4480 12 דּ֤וֹר דּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 obl _ Gloss=generation|Ref=ISA_34:10!8|MId=o230340100082|Strong=1755 13-14 לָדוֹר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_34:10!9|MId=o230340100091|Strong=3807a 14 דוֹר֙ דּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 conj _ Gloss=generation|Ref=ISA_34:10!9|MId=o230340100092|Strong=1755 15 תֶּחֱרָ֔ב חָרֵב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.desolate|Ref=ISA_34:10!10|MId=o230340100101|Strong=2717|Frame=A0:230340090071;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 לְנֵ֣צַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_34:10!11|MId=o230340100111|Strong=3807a 17 נֵ֣צַח נֵצַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 19 obl _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=ISA_34:10!11|MId=o230340100112|Strong=5331 18 נְצָחִ֔ים נֵצַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.perpetuities|Ref=ISA_34:10!12|MId=o230340100121|Strong=5331 19 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 5 parataxis _ Gloss=there.[will].not.[be]|Ref=ISA_34:10!13|MId=o230340100131|Strong=0369|Type=negative 20 עֹבֵ֖ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].passes|Ref=ISA_34:10!14|MId=o230340100141|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 21-22 בָּֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_34:10!15|MId=o230340100151|Strong=0871a 22 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_34:10!15|MId=o230340100152|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ISA_34:10!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** תִכְבֶּה *it will be extinguished* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | יַעֲלֶה *it will go up* | yiqtol · qal | עֲשָׁנ *smoke* | | | | | תֶּחֱרָב *it will be desolate* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לֵילֵי וִימָם לָא תִטְפֵי לַעֲלָם יִסַק תְּנָנָהּ מִדָר לְדָר תֶּחֱרוֹב לַעֲלָם עַלְמַיָא לֵית דִי עָדֵי בָּהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [It shall not be quenched night nor day, the smoke thereof shall go up for ever; from generation to generation it shall lie waste: none shall pass through it for ever and ever.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.717/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:658`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 34:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.9/) - next →: [Isaiah 34:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.11/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/34/)