--- title: Isaiah 34:4 — And all the host of heaven shall moulder away, and the heavens shall… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And all the host of heaven shall moulder away, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll; and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig-tree. Who acts: host, leaf. Isaiah 34:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/34/) / 34:4 # Isaiah 34:4 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** host, leaf · **What happens:** moulder away, roll, fall down, fall off · **To what, where:** heavens, vine This is Isaiah 34:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — host, leaf — and what happens in the verse to heavens, vine, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃ [And all the host of heaven shall moulder away, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll; and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig-tree.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.711/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:652 # text = וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃ # verse = ISA.34.4 1-2 וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_34:4!1|MId=o230340040011|Strong=2050b 2 נָמַ֙קּוּ֙ מָקַק VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.rot.away|Ref=ISA_34:4!1|MId=o230340040012|Strong=4743|Frame=A0:230340040031;|Type=weqatal 3 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_34:4!2|MId=o230340040021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4 צְבָ֣א צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.host|Ref=ISA_34:4!3|MId=o230340040031|Strong=6635 5-6 הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_34:4!4|MId=o230340040041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 שָּׁמַ֔יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.heavens|Ref=ISA_34:4!4|MId=o230340040042|Strong=8064 7-8 וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_34:4!5|MId=o230340040051|Strong=2050b 8 נָגֹ֥לּוּ גָּלַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.rolled.up|Ref=ISA_34:4!5|MId=o230340040052|Strong=1556|Frame=A1:230340040072;|Type=weqatal 9-11 כַסֵּ֖פֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_34:4!6|MId=o230340040061|Strong=3509a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_34:4!6|MId=o230340040061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 סֵּ֖פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=scroll|Ref=ISA_34:4!6|MId=o230340040062|Strong=5612 12-13 הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_34:4!7|MId=o230340040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 שָּׁמָ֑יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=ISA_34:4!7|MId=o230340040072|Strong=8064 14-15 וְכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_34:4!8|MId=o230340040081|Strong=2050b 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_34:4!8|MId=o230340040082|Strong=3605 16-17 צְבָאָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 צְבָא צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=host|Ref=ISA_34:4!9|MId=o230340040091|Strong=6635 17 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_34:4!9|MId=o230340040092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 יִבּ֔וֹל נָבֵל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.will.wither|Ref=ISA_34:4!10|MId=o230340040101|Strong=5034|Frame=A0:230340040091;|Type=yiqtol 19-20 כִּנְבֹ֤ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=ISA_34:4!11|MId=o230340040111|Strong=3509a 20 נְבֹ֤ל נָבֵל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 advcl _ Gloss=withers|Ref=ISA_34:4!11|MId=o230340040112|Strong=5034|Frame=A0:230340040121;|Type=infinitive_construct 21 עָלֶה֙ עָלֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=leafage|Ref=ISA_34:4!12|MId=o230340040121|Strong=5929 22-23 מִגֶּ֔פֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_34:4!13|MId=o230340040131|Strong=4480 23 גֶּ֔פֶן גֶּפֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=a.vine|Ref=ISA_34:4!13|MId=o230340040132|Strong=1612 24-26 וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_34:4!14|MId=o230340040141|Strong=2050b 25 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ISA_34:4!14|MId=o230340040142|Strong=3509a 26 נֹבֶ֖לֶת נָבֵל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=withered.fruit|Ref=ISA_34:4!14|MId=o230340040143|Strong=5034|Type=participle_active 27-28 מִתְּאֵנָֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_34:4!15|MId=o230340040151|Strong=4480 28 תְּאֵנָֽה תְּאֵנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 26 nmod _ Gloss=a.fig.tree|Ref=ISA_34:4!15|MId=o230340040152|Strong=8384 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_34:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָמַקּוּ *they will rot away* | weqatal · niphal | צְבָא *the host* | | | | | נָגֹלּוּ *they will be rolled up* | weqatal · niphal | | שָּׁמָיִם *heavens* | | | | יִבּוֹל *it will wither* | yiqtol · qal | צְבָא *host* | | | | | נְבֹל *withers* | infinitive construct · qal | עָלֶה *leafage* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיִתְיַמְסוּן כָּל חֵילֵי שְׁמַיָא וְיִתְמְחוּן מִתְּחוֹת שְׁמַיָא כְּמָא דַאֲמִיר עֲלֵיהוֹן בְּסִפְרָא וְכָל מַשִׁירְיָתְהוֹן יְסוּפוּן כְמִיתַר טְרַף מִגֶפֶן וּכְנִבְלָא מִתְּאֵנָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And all the host of heaven shall moulder away, and the heavens shall be rolled together as a scroll; and all their host shall fall down, as the leaf falleth off from the vine, and as a falling fig from the fig-tree.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.711/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:652`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 34:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.3/) - next →: [Isaiah 34:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.34.5/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 34](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/34/)