--- title: Isaiah 36:1 — Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Se… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them. Who acts: it, Sennacherib king. Isaiah 36:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/36/) / 36:1 # Isaiah 36:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** it, Sennacherib king · **What happens:** come, pass, come up, take · **To what, where:** fortified cities, cities This is Isaiah 36:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, Sennacherib king — and what happens in the verse to fortified cities, cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֡י בְּאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ [Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.735/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:676 # text = וַיְהִ֡י בְּאַרְבַּע֩ עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה שָׁנָ֜ה לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ עָלָ֞ה סַנְחֵרִ֤יב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַ֣ל כָּל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם׃ # verse = ISA.36.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֡י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_36:1!1|MId=o230360010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֡י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=ISA_36:1!1|MId=o230360010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 בְּאַרְבַּע֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_36:1!2|MId=o230360010021|Strong=0871a 4 אַרְבַּע֩ אַרְבַּע NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nummod _ Gloss=four-|Ref=ISA_36:1!2|MId=o230360010022|Strong=0702|Type=cardinal_number 5 עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵה NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 flat _ Gloss=teen|Ref=ISA_36:1!3|MId=o230360010031|Strong=6240|Type=cardinal_number 6 שָׁנָ֜ה שָׁנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=year|Ref=ISA_36:1!4|MId=o230360010041|Strong=8141 7-9 לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_36:1!5|MId=o230360010051|Strong=3807a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_36:1!5|MId=o230360010051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מֶּ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ Gloss=king|Ref=ISA_36:1!5|MId=o230360010052|Strong=4428 10 חִזְקִיָּ֗הוּ חִזְקִיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 9 appos _ Gloss=Hezekiah|Ref=ISA_36:1!6|MId=o230360010061|Strong=2396a 11 עָלָ֞ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.came.up|Ref=ISA_36:1!7|MId=o230360010071|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:230360010081;|Type=qatal 12 סַנְחֵרִ֤יב סַנְחֵרִיב PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Sennacherib|Ref=ISA_36:1!8|MId=o230360010081|Strong=5576 13 מֶֽלֶךְ־ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=ISA_36:1!9|MId=o230360010091|Strong=4428|SpaceAfter=No 14 אַשּׁוּר֙ אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Assyria|Ref=ISA_36:1!10|MId=o230360010101|Strong=0804 15 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_36:1!11|MId=o230360010111|Strong=5921 16 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_36:1!12|MId=o230360010121|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 17 עָרֵ֧י עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.cities|Ref=ISA_36:1!13|MId=o230360010131|Strong=5892 18 יְהוּדָ֛ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=ISA_36:1!14|MId=o230360010141|Strong=3063 19-20 הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_36:1!15|MId=o230360010151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 בְּצֻר֖וֹת בָּצוּר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 17 amod _ Gloss=fortified|Ref=ISA_36:1!15|MId=o230360010152|Strong=1208|Type=adjective 21-23 וַֽיִּתְפְּשֵֽׂם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_36:1!16|MId=o230360010161|Strong=2050b 22 יִּתְפְּשׂ תָּפַשׂ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_36:1!16|MId=o230360010162|Strong=8610|Frame=A0:230360010081;A1:230360010163;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ֵֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=seized.them|Ref=ISA_36:1!16|MId=o230360010163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_36:1!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עָלָה *he came up* | qatal · qal | סַנְחֵרִיב *Sennacherib* | | | | | יִּתְפְּשׂ *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | סַנְחֵרִיב *Sennacherib* | ֵֽם *seized them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה בְּאַרְבַּע עַסְרֵי שְׁנִין לְמַלְכָּא חִזְקִיָה סְלִיק סַנְחֶרִיב מַלְכָּא דְאַתּוּר עַל כָּל קִרְוַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה כְּרִיכְתָּא וְאַחֲדִנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of king Hezekiah, that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah, and took them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.735/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:676`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 35:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.35.10/) - next →: [Isaiah 36:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.2/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/36/)