--- title: Isaiah 36:12 — But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' Who acts: Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men. Isaiah 36:12 in Hebrew with its dependency t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/36/) / 36:12 # Isaiah 36:12 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men · **What happens:** say, send, speak, not send, sit, eat · **To what, where:** me, master, words, men, wall, own dung · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 36:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men — and what happens in the verse to me, master, words, men, wall, own dung, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַאֶ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מֵימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃ [But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.749/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:687 # text = וַיֹּ֣אמֶר רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַאֶ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מֵימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃ # verse = ISA.36.12 1-2 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_36:12!1|MId=o230360120011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=ISA_36:12!1|MId=o230360120012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:230360120021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רַב־ רַב־שָׁקֵה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Rab-|Ref=ISA_36:12!2|MId=o230360120021|Strong=7262|SpaceAfter=No 4 שָׁקֵ֗ה רַבְשָׁקֵה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=shaqeh|Ref=ISA_36:12!3|MId=o230360120031|Strong=7262 5-6 הַאֶ֨ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הַ הֲ PART _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_36:12!4|MId=o230360120041|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 6 אֶ֨ל אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!4|MId=o230360120042|Strong=0413 7-8 אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אֲדֹנֶ֤י אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=master(s)|Ref=ISA_36:12!5|MId=o230360120051|Strong=0113 8 ךָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ISA_36:12!5|MId=o230360120052|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 9-11 וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_36:12!6|MId=o230360120061|Strong=2050b 10 אֵלֶ֙י אֶל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!6|MId=o230360120062|Strong=0413 11 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 conj _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_36:12!6|MId=o230360120063|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 12-13 שְׁלָחַ֣נִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 שְׁלָח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=has|Ref=ISA_36:12!7|MId=o230360120071|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:230360120072;A0:230360120081;|Type=qatal 13 ַ֣נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ Gloss=he.sent.me|Ref=ISA_36:12!7|MId=o230360120072|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 14-15 אֲדֹנִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אֲדֹנ אָדוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=master|Ref=ISA_36:12!8|MId=o230360120081|Strong=0113 15 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ISA_36:12!8|MId=o230360120082|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16-17 לְדַבֵּ֖ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!9|MId=o230360120091|Strong=3807a 17 דַבֵּ֖ר דָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 12 advcl _ Gloss=speak|Ref=ISA_36:12!9|MId=o230360120092|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:230360120021;A1:230360120112;|Type=infinitive_construct 18 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_36:12!10|MId=o230360120101|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 19-20 הַדְּבָרִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_36:12!11|MId=o230360120111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 דְּבָרִ֣ים דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=words|Ref=ISA_36:12!11|MId=o230360120112|Strong=1697 21-22 הָאֵ֑לֶּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_36:12!12|MId=o230360120121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 אֵ֑לֶּה אֵלֶּה DET _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 20 det _ Gloss=these|Ref=ISA_36:12!12|MId=o230360120122|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 23-24 הֲלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_36:12!13|MId=o230360120131|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 24 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 12 parataxis _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_36:12!13|MId=o230360120132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 25 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!14|MId=o230360120141|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 26-27 הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_36:12!15|MId=o230360120151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 אֲנָשִׁ֗ים אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 obl _ Gloss=men|Ref=ISA_36:12!15|MId=o230360120152|Strong=0376 28-29 הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=[who|Ref=ISA_36:12!16|MId=o230360120161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 יֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=are].sitting|Ref=ISA_36:12!16|MId=o230360120162|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:230360120152;|Type=participle_active 30 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_36:12!17|MId=o230360120171|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 31-32 הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 הַ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 32 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_36:12!18|MId=o230360120181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 32 חוֹמָ֔ה חוֹמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=wall|Ref=ISA_36:12!18|MId=o230360120182|Strong=2346 33-34 לֶאֱכֹ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לֶ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!19|MId=o230360120191|Strong=3807a 34 אֱכֹ֣ל אָכַל VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 29 advcl _ Gloss=eat|Ref=ISA_36:12!19|MId=o230360120192|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:230360120152;A1:230360120221;|Type=infinitive_construct 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_36:12!20|MId=o230360120201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 צוֹאָתָ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 צוֹאָת צֹאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=excrement|Ref=ISA_36:12!22|MId=o230360120221|Strong=6675 37 ָ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their.own|Ref=ISA_36:12!22|MId=o230360120222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 38-40 וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_36:12!23|MId=o230360120231|Strong=2050b 39 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_36:12!23|MId=o230360120232|Strong=3807a 40 שְׁתּ֛וֹת שָׁתָה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 34 conj _ Gloss=drink|Ref=ISA_36:12!23|MId=o230360120233|Strong=8354|Frame=A0:230360120152;A1:230360120261;|Type=infinitive_construct 41 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 42 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_36:12!24|MId=o230360120241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 42 מֵימֵ֥י מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 40 obj _ Gloss=the.water|Ref=ISA_36:12!26|MId=o230360120261|Strong=4325 43-44 רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=their.feet|Ref=ISA_36:12!27|MId=o230360120271|Strong=7272 44 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_36:12!27|MId=o230360120272|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 45-46 עִמָּכֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 עִמּ עִם ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_36:12!28|MId=o230360120281|Strong=5973 46 ָכֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_36:12!28|MId=o230360120282|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 47 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 46 punct _ Ref=ISA_36:12!28 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | | | | | **not** שְׁלָח *has* | qatal · qal | אֲדֹנ *master* | ַנִי *he sent me* | | | | דַבֵּר *speak* | infinitive construct · piel | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | דְּבָרִים *words* | | | | יֹּֽשְׁבִים *are\] sitting* | participle active · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | | | | | אֱכֹל *eat* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | צוֹאָת *excrement* | | | | שְׁתּוֹת *drink* | infinitive construct · qal | אֲנָשִׁים *men* | מֵימֵי *the water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַר רַבְשָׁקֵה הַלְוַת רִבּוֹנָךְ וַעֲלָךְ שַׁלְחַנִי רִבּוֹנִי לְמַלָלָא יַת פִּתְגָמַיָא הָאִלֵין הֲלָא עַל גַבְרַיָא דְיַתְבִין עַל שׁוּרָא לְמֵיכַל יַת מַפְקַתְהוֹן וּלְמִשְׁתֵּי יַת מֵימֵי רִגְלֵיהוֹן בִּצְיָרָא עִמְכוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.749/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:687`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 36:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.11/) - next →: [Isaiah 36:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.13/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/36/)