--- title: Isaiah 37:16 — 'O LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, that sittest upon the cherubim,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: 'O LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, that sittest upon the cherubim, Thou art the God, even Thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; Thou hast made heaven and earth. Who acts: LORD, Thou. Isaiah 37:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/) / 37:16 # Isaiah 37:16 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** LORD, Thou · **What happens:** sit, be, make · **To what, where:** cherubim, God, heaven This is Isaiah 37:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, Thou — and what happens in the verse to cherubim, God, heaven, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ['O LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, that sittest upon the cherubim, Thou art the God, even Thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; Thou hast made heaven and earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.776/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:713 # text = יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ # verse = ISA.37.16 1 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 9 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Yahweh|Ref=ISA_37:16!1|MId=o230370160011|Strong=3068 2 צְבָא֜וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ISA_37:16!2|MId=o230370160021|Strong=6635 3 אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=ISA_37:16!3|MId=o230370160031|Strong=0430 4 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=ISA_37:16!4|MId=o230370160041|Strong=3478 5 יֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Gloss=[who].sits|Ref=ISA_37:16!5|MId=o230370160051|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:230370160011;|Type=participle_active 6-7 הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_37:16!6|MId=o230370160061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 כְּרֻבִ֔ים כְּרוּב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obl _ Gloss=cherubim|Ref=ISA_37:16!6|MId=o230370160062|Strong=3742 8 אַתָּה־ אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_37:16!7|MId=o230370160071|Strong=0859|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 9 ה֤וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_37:16!8|MId=o230370160081|Strong=1931|Type=personal 10-11 הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=[are].(the)|Ref=ISA_37:16!9|MId=o230370160091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אֱלֹהִים֙ אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=ISA_37:16!9|MId=o230370160092|Strong=0430 12-14 לְבַדְּךָ֔ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_37:16!10|MId=o230370160101|Strong=3807a 13 בַדּ בַּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_37:16!10|MId=o230370160102|Strong=0905 14 ְךָ֔ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=alone|Ref=ISA_37:16!10|MId=o230370160103|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְכֹ֖ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_37:16!11|MId=o230370160111|Strong=3807a 16 כֹ֖ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_37:16!11|MId=o230370160112|Strong=3605 17 מַמְלְכ֣וֹת מַמְלָכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.kingdoms|Ref=ISA_37:16!12|MId=o230370160121|Strong=4467 18-19 הָאָ֑רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_37:16!13|MId=o230370160131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אָ֑רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.earth|Ref=ISA_37:16!13|MId=o230370160132|Strong=0776 20 אַתָּ֣ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=ISA_37:16!14|MId=o230370160141|Strong=0859|Type=personal 21 עָשִׂ֔יתָ עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 9 parataxis _ Gloss=you.made|Ref=ISA_37:16!15|MId=o230370160151|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230370160141;A1:230370160172;230370160192;|Type=qatal 22 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_37:16!16|MId=o230370160161|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 23-24 הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 24 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_37:16!17|MId=o230370160171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 24 שָּׁמַ֖יִם שָׁמַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 obj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=ISA_37:16!17|MId=o230370160172|Strong=8064 25-26 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:16!18|MId=o230370160181|Strong=2050b 26 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_37:16!18|MId=o230370160182|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 27-28 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_37:16!19|MId=o230370160191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 אָֽרֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 24 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=ISA_37:16!19|MId=o230370160192|Strong=0776 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=ISA_37:16!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹשֵׁב *\[who\] sits* | participle active · qal | יְהוָה *O Yahweh* | | | | | עָשִׂיתָ *you made* | qatal · qal | אַתָּה *you* | שָּׁמַיִם *heavens* + אָֽרֶץ *earth* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} יְיָ אֱלָהָא צְבָאוֹת אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל דִשְׁכִינְתֵּהּ שַׁרְיָא עֵיל מִן כְּרוּבַיָא אַתָּה הוּא יְיָ וְלֵית בַּר מִנָךְ לְכָל מַלְכְּוַת אַרְעָא אַתְּ עֲבַדְתָּ יַת שְׁמַיָא וְיַת אַרְעָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. ['O LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, that sittest upon the cherubim, Thou art the God, even Thou alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth; Thou hast made heaven and earth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.776/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:713`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 37:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.15/) - next →: [Isaiah 37:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.17/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/)