--- title: Isaiah 37:19 — and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them. Who acts: countries, hands. Isaiah 37:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/) / 37:19 # Isaiah 37:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** countries, hands · **What happens:** cast, be, destroy, work · **To what, where:** gods, fire, men This is Isaiah 37:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — countries, hands — and what happens in the verse to gods, fire, men, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָתֹ֥ן אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֣י אִם־מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה יְדֵֽי־אָדָ֛ם עֵ֥ץ וָאֶ֖בֶן וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם׃ [and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.779/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:716 # text = וְנָתֹ֥ן אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם בָּאֵ֑שׁ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אֱלֹהִ֜ים הֵ֗מָּה כִּ֣י אִם־מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה יְדֵֽי־אָדָ֛ם עֵ֥ץ וָאֶ֖בֶן וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם׃ # verse = ISA.37.19 1-2 וְנָתֹ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:19!1|MId=o230370190011|Strong=2050b 2 נָתֹ֥ן נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 0 root _ Gloss=they.have.put|Ref=ISA_37:19!1|MId=o230370190012|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:230370180041;A1:230370190031;|Type=infinitive_absolute 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_37:19!2|MId=o230370190021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 אֱלֹהֵי אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=gods|Ref=ISA_37:19!3|MId=o230370190031|Strong=0430 5 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ISA_37:19!3|MId=o230370190032|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6-8 בָּאֵ֑שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ISA_37:19!4|MId=o230370190041|Strong=0871a 7 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_37:19!4|MId=o230370190041ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 אֵ֑שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=ISA_37:19!4|MId=o230370190042|Strong=0784 9 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_37:19!5|MId=o230370190051|Strong=3588 10 לֹ֨א לֹא ADV _ _ 11 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_37:19!6|MId=o230370190061|Strong=3808|Type=negative 11 אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 advcl _ Gloss=[were].gods|Ref=ISA_37:19!7|MId=o230370190071|Strong=0430 12 הֵ֗מָּה הֵמָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=they|Ref=ISA_37:19!8|MId=o230370190081|Strong=1992|Type=personal 13 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ ExtPos=SCONJ 15 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_37:19!9|MId=o230370190091|Strong=3588 14 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 13 fixed _ Gloss=(if)|Ref=ISA_37:19!10|MId=o230370190101|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 15 מַעֲשֵׂ֧ה מַעֲשֶׂה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 parataxis _ Gloss=[the].work|Ref=ISA_37:19!11|MId=o230370190111|Strong=4639 16 יְדֵֽי־ יָד NOUN _ Number=Dual 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].hands|Ref=ISA_37:19!12|MId=o230370190121|Strong=3027|SpaceAfter=No 17 אָדָ֛ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.humankind|Ref=ISA_37:19!13|MId=o230370190131|Strong=0120 18 עֵ֥ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 appos _ Gloss=wood|Ref=ISA_37:19!14|MId=o230370190141|Strong=6086 19-20 וָאֶ֖בֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:19!15|MId=o230370190151|Strong=2050b 20 אֶ֖בֶן אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=stone|Ref=ISA_37:19!15|MId=o230370190152|Strong=0068 21-23 וַֽיְאַבְּדֽוּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:19!16|MId=o230370190161|Strong=2050b 22 יְאַבְּדֽוּ אָבַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=ISA_37:19!16|MId=o230370190162|Strong=0006|Frame=A0:230370180041;A1:230370190163;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ Gloss=have.destroyed.them|Ref=ISA_37:19!16|MId=o230370190163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=ISA_37:19!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָתֹן *they have put* | infinitive absolute · qal | | אֱלֹהֵי *gods* | | | | יְאַבְּדֽוּ *they* | wayyiqtol · piel | | ם *have destroyed them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמוֹקְדִין יַת טַעֲוַתְהוֹן בְּנוּרָא אֲרֵי לָא טַעֲוָן דְאִית בְּהוֹן צְרוֹךְ אִינוּן אֱלָהֵין עוֹבַד יְדֵי אֱנָשָׁא אָעָא וְאַבְנָא וְאַבְּדוּנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were no gods, but the work of men's hands, wood and stone; therefore they have destroyed them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.779/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:716`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 37:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 37:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.20/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/)