--- title: Isaiah 37:26 — Hast thou not heard? Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashione… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Hast thou not heard? Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps. Who acts: thou, I. Isaiah 37:26 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.26/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/) / 37:26 # Isaiah 37:26 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** thou, I · **What happens:** not hear, make, fashion, bring, pass, do · **To what, where:** water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps This is Isaiah 37:26 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, I — and what happens in the verse to water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ [Hast thou not heard?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.788/) [Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.789/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:723 # text = הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃ # verse = ISA.37.26 1-2 הֲלֽוֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הֲ הֲ PART _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=?|Ref=ISA_37:26!1|MId=o230370260011|Strong=1886b|Type=interrogative 2 לֽוֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ISA_37:26!1|MId=o230370260012|Strong=3808|Type=negative 3 שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=have.you.heard|Ref=ISA_37:26!2|MId=o230370260021|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230370210171;|Type=qatal 4-6 לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=(to).from|Ref=ISA_37:26!3|MId=o230370260031|Strong=3807a 5 מֵֽ מִן ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=distant|Ref=ISA_37:26!3|MId=o230370260032|Strong=4480 6 רָחוֹק֙ רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=[time]|Ref=ISA_37:26!3|MId=o230370260033|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 7-8 אוֹתָ֣הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ISA_37:26!4|MId=o230370260041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 8 ָ֣הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ISA_37:26!4|MId=o230370260042|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 9 עָשִׂ֔יתִי עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I.appointed|Ref=ISA_37:26!5|MId=o230370260051|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:230370240041;A1:230370260042;|Type=qatal 10-11 מִ֥ימֵי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 מִ֥ מִן ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_37:26!6|MId=o230370260061|Strong=4480 11 ימֵי יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 dislocated _ Gloss=days|Ref=ISA_37:26!6|MId=o230370260062|Strong=3117 12 קֶ֖דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.antiquity|Ref=ISA_37:26!7|MId=o230370260071|Strong=6924 13-15 וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:26!8|MId=o230370260081|Strong=2050b 14 יצַרְתִּ֑י יָצַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_37:26!8|MId=o230370260082|Strong=3335|Frame=A0:230370240041;A1:230370260083;|Type=weqatal 15 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=planned.it|Ref=ISA_37:26!8|MId=o230370260083|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 16 עַתָּ֣ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=ISA_37:26!9|MId=o230370260091|Strong=6258 17-18 הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הֲבֵאתִ֔י בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 parataxis _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_37:26!10|MId=o230370260101|Strong=0935|Frame=AA:230370240041;A0:230370260102;|Type=qatal 18 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Gloss=have.brought.it|Ref=ISA_37:26!10|MId=o230370260102|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 19-20 וּתְהִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:26!11|MId=o230370260111|Strong=2050b 20 תְהִ֗י הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 22 cop _ Gloss=you.are|Ref=ISA_37:26!11|MId=o230370260112|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:230370210171;|Type=jussive 21-22 לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=[about].to|Ref=ISA_37:26!12|MId=o230370260121|Strong=3807a 22 הַשְׁא֛וֹת שָׁאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 3 conj _ Gloss=make.desolate|Ref=ISA_37:26!12|MId=o230370260122|Strong=7582|Frame=AA:230370210171;A0:230370260151;|Type=infinitive_construct 23 גַּלִּ֥ים גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 22 xcomp _ Gloss=heaps|Ref=ISA_37:26!13|MId=o230370260131|Strong=1530 24 נִצִּ֖ים נָצָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 23 nmod _ Gloss=ruined|Ref=ISA_37:26!14|MId=o230370260141|Strong=5327a|Frame=A1:230370260131;|Type=participle_active 25 עָרִ֥ים עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 22 obj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=ISA_37:26!15|MId=o230370260151|Strong=5892 26 בְּצֻרֽוֹת בָּצוּר ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 25 amod _ Gloss=fortified|Ref=ISA_37:26!16|MId=o230370260161|Strong=1208|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 27 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 26 punct _ Ref=ISA_37:26!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** שָׁמַעְתָּ *have you heard* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עָשִׂיתִי *I appointed* | qatal · qal | | ָהּ *it* | | | | יצַרְתִּי *I* | weqatal · qal | | הָ *planned it* | | | | הֲבֵאתִי *I* | qatal · hiphil | הָ *have brought it* | | | | | תְהִי *you are* | jussive · qal | | | | | | הַשְׁאוֹת *make desolate* | infinitive construct · hiphil | עָרִים *cities* | | | | | נִצִּים *ruined* | participle active · niphal | | גַּלִּים *heaps* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הֲלָא שְׁמַעְתָּא מִלְקַדְמִין מָא עֲבָדִית לְפַרְעֹה מַלְכָּא דְמִצְרַיִם וְאַף עֲלָךְ אִתְנַבִּיאוּ נְבִיֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְלָא תַבְתָּא וְדָא חַזְיָא קֳדָמַי מִיוֹמֵי קֳדָם לְמֶעְבַּד לָךְ וְאַף אַתְקֵנְתָּא כְּעַן אַיְתֵיתָה וְדָא הֲוָת לָךְ לְתַקָלָא עַל דַהֲוָאָה קֳדָמָךְ כְּאִתְרְגוּשַׁת גַלִין דִשְׁחוֹ קִרְוִין כְּרִיכָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Hast thou not heard?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.788/) 2. [Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.789/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:723`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 37:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.25/) - next →: [Isaiah 37:27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.27/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/)