--- title: Isaiah 37:8 — So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring agains… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. Who acts: Rab, king. Isaiah 37:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/) / 37:8 # Isaiah 37:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** Rab, king · **What happens:** return, find, war, hear, depart · **To what, where:** king, Lachish · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Isaiah 37:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Rab, king — and what happens in the verse to king, Lachish, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּמְצָא֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר נִלְחָ֖ם עַל־לִבְנָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י נָסַ֖ע מִלָּכִֽישׁ׃ [So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.768/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:705 # text = וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּמְצָא֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר נִלְחָ֖ם עַל־לִבְנָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י נָסַ֖ע מִלָּכִֽישׁ׃ # verse = ISA.37.8 1-2 וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:8!1|MId=o230370080011|Strong=2050b 2 יָּ֙שָׁב֙ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.returned|Ref=ISA_37:8!1|MId=o230370080012|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:230370080021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 רַב־ רַב־שָׁקֵה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].Rab-|Ref=ISA_37:8!2|MId=o230370080021|Strong=7262|SpaceAfter=No 4 שָׁקֵ֔ה רַבְשָׁקֵה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=shaqeh|Ref=ISA_37:8!3|MId=o230370080031|Strong=7262 5-6 וַיִּמְצָא֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_37:8!4|MId=o230370080041|Strong=2050b 6 יִּמְצָא֙ מָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.found|Ref=ISA_37:8!4|MId=o230370080042|Strong=4672|Frame=A0:230370080021;A1:230370080081;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_37:8!5|MId=o230370080051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8 מֶ֣לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=ISA_37:8!6|MId=o230370080061|Strong=4428 9 אַשּׁ֔וּר אַשּׁוּר PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Assyria|Ref=ISA_37:8!7|MId=o230370080071|Strong=0804 10 נִלְחָ֖ם לָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=fighting|Ref=ISA_37:8!8|MId=o230370080081|Strong=3898|Frame=A0:230370080061;|Type=participle_active 11 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_37:8!9|MId=o230370080091|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 12 לִבְנָ֑ה לִבְנָה PROPN _ _ 10 obl _ Gloss=Libnah|Ref=ISA_37:8!10|MId=o230370080101|Strong=3841 13 כִּ֣י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ISA_37:8!11|MId=o230370080111|Strong=3588 14 שָׁמַ֔ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=he.had.heard|Ref=ISA_37:8!12|MId=o230370080121|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:230370080021;A1:230370080141;|Type=qatal 15 כִּ֥י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=(dm).that|Ref=ISA_37:8!13|MId=o230370080131|Strong=3588 16 נָסַ֖ע נָסַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 14 ccomp _ Gloss=he.had.set.out|Ref=ISA_37:8!14|MId=o230370080141|Strong=5265|Frame=A0:230370080061;|Type=qatal 17-18 מִלָּכִֽישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_37:8!15|MId=o230370080151|Strong=4480 18 לָּכִֽישׁ לָכִישׁ PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Lachish|Ref=ISA_37:8!15|MId=o230370080152|Strong=3923 19 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 18 punct _ Ref=ISA_37:8!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יָּשָׁב *he returned* | wayyiqtol · qal | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | | | | | יִּמְצָא *he found* | wayyiqtol · qal | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | נִלְחָם *fighting* | | | | נִלְחָם *fighting* | participle active · niphal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | | שָׁמַע *he had heard* | qatal · qal | רַב־ *\[the\] Rab-* | נָסַע *he had set out* | | | | נָסַע *he had set out* | qatal · qal | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְתַב רַבְשָׁקֵה וְאַשְׁכַּח יַת מַלְכָּא דְאַתּוּר מֵגִיחַ קְרָבָא עַל לִבְנָה אֲרֵי שְׁמַע אֲרֵי נְטַל מִלָכִישׁ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.768/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:705`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 37:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 37:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/)