--- title: Isaiah 38:8 — behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down. Who acts: I, sun, degrees. Isaiah 38:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.38.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/38/) / 38:8 # Isaiah 38:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** I, sun, degrees · **What happens:** cause, go down, return, shadow · **To what, where:** dial, sun dial, ten degrees, sun This is Isaiah 38:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, sun, degrees — and what happens in the verse to dial, sun dial, ten degrees, sun, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ס [behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.811/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:743 # text = הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ס # verse = ISA.38.8 1-2 הִנְנִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=ISA_38:8!1|MId=o230380080011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 ְנִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ISA_38:8!1|MId=o230380080012|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 3 מֵשִׁ֣יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[am].about.to.turn.back|Ref=ISA_38:8!2|MId=o230380080021|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:230380080012;A0:230380080041;|Type=participle_active 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ISA_38:8!3|MId=o230380080031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 צֵ֣ל צֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=the.shadow|Ref=ISA_38:8!4|MId=o230380080041|Strong=6738 6-7 הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ISA_38:8!5|MId=o230380080051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מַּעֲל֡וֹת מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.steps|Ref=ISA_38:8!5|MId=o230380080052|Strong=4609 8 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_38:8!6|MId=o230380080061|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 יָרְדָה֩ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.gone.down|Ref=ISA_38:8!7|MId=o230380080071|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230380080041;|Type=qatal 10-11 בְמַעֲל֨וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_38:8!8|MId=o230380080081|Strong=0871a 11 מַעֲל֨וֹת מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=the.steps|Ref=ISA_38:8!8|MId=o230380080082|Strong=4609 12 אָחָ֥ז אָחָז PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ahaz|Ref=ISA_38:8!9|MId=o230380080091|Strong=0271 13-15 בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_38:8!10|MId=o230380080101|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_38:8!10|MId=o230380080101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 שֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ISA_38:8!10|MId=o230380080102|Strong=8121 16 אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית אֲחֹרַנִּית ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=backwards|Ref=ISA_38:8!11|MId=o230380080111|Strong=0322 17 עֶ֣שֶׂר עֶשֶׂר NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 nummod _ Gloss=ten|Ref=ISA_38:8!12|MId=o230380080121|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 18 מַעֲל֑וֹת מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 obl _ Gloss=steps|Ref=ISA_38:8!13|MId=o230380080131|Strong=4609 19-20 וַתָּ֤שָׁב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_38:8!14|MId=o230380080141|Strong=2050b 20 תָּ֤שָׁב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=it.went.back|Ref=ISA_38:8!14|MId=o230380080142|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:230380080152;|Type=wayyiqtol 21-22 הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_38:8!15|MId=o230380080151|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 שֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=ISA_38:8!15|MId=o230380080152|Strong=8121 23 עֶ֣שֶׂר עֶשֶׂר NUM _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 nummod _ Gloss=ten|Ref=ISA_38:8!16|MId=o230380080161|Strong=6235|Type=cardinal_number 24 מַעֲל֔וֹת מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=steps|Ref=ISA_38:8!17|MId=o230380080171|Strong=4609 25-27 בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ISA_38:8!18|MId=o230380080181|Strong=0871a 26 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_38:8!18|MId=o230380080181ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 מַּעֲל֖וֹת מַעֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=steps|Ref=ISA_38:8!18|MId=o230380080182|Strong=4609 28 אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 29 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ISA_38:8!19|MId=o230380080191|Strong=0834|Type=relative 29 יָרָֽדָה יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 27 acl:relcl _ Gloss=it.had.gone.down|Ref=ISA_38:8!20|MId=o230380080201|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:230380080152;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_38:8!20|SpaceAfter=No 31 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ISA_38:8!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מֵשִׁיב *\[am\] about to turn back* | participle active · hiphil | צֵל *the shadow* | | | ְנִי *I* | | יָרְדָה *it had gone down* | qatal · qal | צֵל *the shadow* | | | | | תָּשָׁב *it went back* | wayyiqtol · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | יָרָֽדָה *it had gone down* | qatal · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא אֲנָא מֵתִיב יַת טוּל אֶבֶן שְׁעַיָא דְנָחְתַת בְּמַסְקָנָא דְאָחָז שִׁמְשָׁא לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי עֲסַר שְׁעָן וְתַב שִׁמְשָׁא עֲסַר שְׁעָן בְּצוּרַת אֶבֶן שְׁעַיָא דְנָחֲתַת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.811/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:743`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 38:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.38.7/) - next →: [Isaiah 38:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.38.9/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 38](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/38/)