--- title: Isaiah 40:17 — All the nations are as nothing before Him; they are accounted by Him… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: All the nations are as nothing before Him; they are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity. Who acts: nations, Lebanon. Isaiah 40:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:17 # Isaiah 40:17 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** nations, Lebanon · **What happens:** be, account · **To what, where:** nations This is Isaiah 40:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — nations, Lebanon — and what happens in the verse to nations, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם כְּאַ֣יִן נֶגְדּ֑וֹ מֵאֶ֥פֶס וָתֹ֖הוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ־לֽוֹ׃ [All the nations are as nothing before Him; they are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.853/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:782 # text = כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם כְּאַ֣יִן נֶגְדּ֑וֹ מֵאֶ֥פֶס וָתֹ֖הוּ נֶחְשְׁבוּ־לֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.40.17 1 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=ISA_40:17!1|MId=o230400170011|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 2-3 הַגּוֹיִ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_40:17!2|MId=o230400170021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 גּוֹיִ֖ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=nations|Ref=ISA_40:17!2|MId=o230400170022|Strong=1471 4-5 כְּאַ֣יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=[are].as|Ref=ISA_40:17!3|MId=o230400170031|Strong=3509a 5 אַ֣יִן אַיִן NOUN _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=nothing|Ref=ISA_40:17!3|MId=o230400170032|Strong=0369|Type=negative 6-7 נֶגְדּ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 נֶגְדּ נֶגֶד NOUN _ _ 5 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=ISA_40:17!4|MId=o230400170041|Strong=5048 7 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_40:17!4|MId=o230400170042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 מֵאֶ֥פֶס _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ISA_40:17!5|MId=o230400170051|Strong=4480 9 אֶ֥פֶס אֶפֶס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=nothingness|Ref=ISA_40:17!5|MId=o230400170052|Strong=0657 10-11 וָתֹ֖הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:17!6|MId=o230400170061|Strong=2050b 11 תֹ֖הוּ תֹּהוּ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 conj _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=ISA_40:17!6|MId=o230400170062|Strong=8414 12 נֶחְשְׁבוּ־ חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.regarded|Ref=ISA_40:17!7|MId=o230400170071|Strong=2803|Frame=A1:230400170022;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 ל לְ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=ISA_40:17!8|MId=o230400170081|Strong=3807a 14 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_40:17!8|MId=o230400170082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 14 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:17!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נֶחְשְׁבוּ־ *they are regarded* | qatal · niphal | | גּוֹיִם *nations* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כָּל עַמְמַיָא כִּלְמָא עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן גְמִירָא וְשֵׁיצָאָה אִינוּן חֲשִׁיבִין קֳדָמוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [All the nations are as nothing before Him; they are accounted by Him as things of nought, and vanity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.853/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:782`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.16/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.18/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)