--- title: Isaiah 40:18 — To whom then will ye liken God? Or what likeness will ye compare unt… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: To whom then will ye liken God? Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him? Who acts: ye. Isaiah 40:18 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:18 # Isaiah 40:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** ye · **What happens:** liken, compare · **To what, where:** God, likeness This is Isaiah 40:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye — and what happens in the verse to God, likeness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶל־מִ֖י תְּדַמְּי֣וּן אֵ֑ל וּמַה־דְּמ֖וּת תַּ֥עַרְכוּ לֽוֹ׃ [To whom then will ye liken God?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.854/) [Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.855/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:783 # text = וְאֶל־מִ֖י תְּדַמְּי֣וּן אֵ֑ל וּמַה־דְּמ֖וּת תַּ֥עַרְכוּ לֽוֹ׃ # verse = ISA.40.18 1-2 וְאֶל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:18!1|MId=o230400180011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_40:18!1|MId=o230400180012|Strong=0413 3 מִ֖י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 4 obl _ Gloss=whom?|Ref=ISA_40:18!2|MId=o230400180021|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 4-5 תְּדַמְּי֣וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 תְּדַמְּי֣וּ דָּמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=will|Ref=ISA_40:18!3|MId=o230400180031|Strong=1819|Frame=A0:230400010031;A1:230400180041;|Type=yiqtol 5 ן נ X _ _ 4 nmod _ Gloss=you.liken|Ref=ISA_40:18!3|MId=o230400180032|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 6 אֵ֑ל אֵל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obj _ Gloss=God|Ref=ISA_40:18!4|MId=o230400180041|Strong=0410 7-8 וּמַה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:18!5|MId=o230400180051|Strong=2050b 8 מַה־ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 4 conj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=ISA_40:18!5|MId=o230400180052|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 9 דְּמ֖וּת דְּמוּת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=likeness|Ref=ISA_40:18!6|MId=o230400180061|Strong=1823 10 תַּ֥עַרְכוּ עָרַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 9 acl _ Gloss=will.you.compare|Ref=ISA_40:18!7|MId=o230400180071|Strong=6186|Frame=A0:230400010031;A1:230400180061;|Type=yiqtol 11-12 לֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 ל לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ISA_40:18!8|MId=o230400180081|Strong=3807a 12 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ISA_40:18!8|MId=o230400180082|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 13 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 12 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:18!8 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תְּדַמְּיוּ *will* | yiqtol · piel | | אֵל *God* | | | | תַּעַרְכוּ *will you compare* | yiqtol · qal | | דְּמוּת *likeness* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּלְמַן אַתּוּן מְדַמִין קֳדָם אֵל וּמַה דְמוּת אַתּוּן מְסַדְרִין קֳדָמוֹהִי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [To whom then will ye liken God?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.854/) 2. [Or what likeness will ye compare unto Him?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.855/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:783`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.17/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.19/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)