--- title: Isaiah 40:19 — The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsm… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains? Who acts: craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith. Isaiah 40:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / 40:19 # Isaiah 40:19 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ **Who acts:** craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith · **What happens:** melt, spread over, casting · **To what, where:** image perchance, silver chains This is Isaiah 40:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith — and what happens in the verse to image perchance, silver chains, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃ [The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.856/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ISA:784 # text = הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃ # verse = ISA.40.19 1-2 הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ISA_40:19!1|MId=o230400190011|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 2 פֶּ֙סֶל֙ פֶּסֶל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=idol|Ref=ISA_40:19!1|MId=o230400190012|Strong=6459 3 נָסַ֣ךְ נָסַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.has.cast|Ref=ISA_40:19!2|MId=o230400190021|Strong=5258|Frame=A1:230400190012;A0:230400190031;|Type=qatal 4 חָרָ֔שׁ חָרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=a.craftsman|Ref=ISA_40:19!3|MId=o230400190031|Strong=2796 5-6 וְצֹרֵ֖ף _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:19!4|MId=o230400190041|Strong=2050b 6 צֹרֵ֖ף צָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=a.metalsmith|Ref=ISA_40:19!4|MId=o230400190042|Strong=6884|Type=participle_active 7-9 בַּזָּהָ֣ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=ISA_40:19!5|MId=o230400190051|Strong=0871a 8 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ISA_40:19!5|MId=o230400190051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 זָּהָ֣ב זָהָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=gold|Ref=ISA_40:19!5|MId=o230400190052|Strong=2091 10-11 יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 יְרַקְּע רָקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ISA_40:19!6|MId=o230400190061|Strong=7554|Frame=A0:230400190042;A1:230400190062;|Type=yiqtol 11 ֶ֑נּוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 obj _ Gloss=will.overlay.it|Ref=ISA_40:19!6|MId=o230400190062|Strong=5105b|Type=pronominal 12-13 וּרְתֻק֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ISA_40:19!7|MId=o230400190071|Strong=2050b 13 רְתֻק֥וֹת רְתֻקֹות NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 obj _ Gloss=chains|Ref=ISA_40:19!7|MId=o230400190072|Strong=7577 14 כֶּ֖סֶף כֶּסֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.silver|Ref=ISA_40:19!8|MId=o230400190081|Strong=3701 15 צוֹרֵֽף צָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 conj _ Gloss=[he.is].refining|Ref=ISA_40:19!9|MId=o230400190091|Strong=6884|Frame=A0:230400190042;A1:230400190072;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 16 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 15 punct _ Ref=ISA_40:19!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָסַךְ *he has cast* | qatal · qal | חָרָשׁ *a craftsman* | פֶּסֶל *idol* | | | | יְרַקְּע *he* | yiqtol · piel | צֹרֵף *a metalsmith* | ֶנּוּ *will overlay it* | | | | צוֹרֵֽף *\[he is\] refining* | participle active · qal | צֹרֵף *a metalsmith* | רְתֻקוֹת *chains* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא צִלְמָא נַגְרָא עֲבֵיד וְקֵינָאָה בִּדְהַב מְחַפֵּי לֵיהּ וְשַׁלְשְׁלַן דִכְסַף קֵינָאָה מְאָחֵיד לֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.856/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ISA:784`. - ← previous: [Isaiah 40:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.18/) - next →: [Isaiah 40:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.20/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/)